CRDi (Common Rail) - what is it? Features of automobile CRDI engines, their advantages, disadvantages and possible malfunctions Possible problems with CRDI

"Kia-Sportige-2.0CRDi-AT-Premium", from 1,379,900 rubles, CAR from 12.80 rubles / km

As a riding instructor recently explained to me, the main purpose of thoroughbred horses is to race. Due to their explosive nature, excessive energy, they are not suitable for ordinary amateurs. These four-legged aristocrats need daily gallop relief and the hand of a master, otherwise the consequences can be unpredictable. Indeed, even their heart is larger and more powerful than that of horses of other breeds, their lungs are larger.

It was this information that for some reason came to my mind when I found myself at the wheel of a 184-horsepower "Sportage". Calm rhythm of everyday life road traffic, whose average speed does not exceed 50 km / h, he definitely does not like it. My thoroughbred horse even started up the hill so that just hold on, and instantly reacted to any pressing of the accelerator pedal, every minute trying to overtake the ride that had suddenly become unusually slow. He did it so briskly and playfully that it was almost impossible to resist the urge to play pranks.

Height adjustment and lumbar support to help the driver find a comfortable fit

However, it is not surprising. The aluminum R-series diesel four, which Sportage (and its ix35 cousin) received in 2009, is the pride of the Kia and Hyundai engineers. Equipped with a turbine with an aftercooler and a third-generation Common Rail injection system from Bosch, it delivers 136 horsepower in its quietest version. But the variable geometry of the turbine blades made it possible to increase the power by 48 hp. with., and the torque at 63 N.m. Considering that the mass of the 184-horsepower car did not increase by a single gram, it is clear where such an impressive vigor appeared in the character of such a "Sportage".

True, at good speeds in the car, the noise of the wheels and the sounds from the cars passing by is well heard. And the crossover's suspension is pretty stiff. Cracks and small potholes in the asphalt do not interfere, but on more serious obstacles "Sportage" begins to rumble noticeably, and the fifth point feels well the road seams and holes. But all the maneuvers on the road, my four-wheel drive "Kia" performed easily and naturally.

The 18-inch rims suit the Sportige very well. However, on our roads, wheels that are smaller by an inch, perhaps, should be recognized as much more practical.

Just do not expect special efficiency from such a fast horse. And in any case, the wonderful six-plus liters per hundred, which is promised by the official characteristics. My "Sportage", equipped, by the way, with everything that can be placed in a car, and even with a full power heater, ate at least 10-11 liters on average. After all, such a powerful and fast car I just want to drive, so my purebred stallion begins to whip "diesel fuel" with buckets. Remember that the Arabian horses in the stables of the sheikhs are fed with hay, which is transported by air from Canada. So that…

So the diesel "Sportage", which reaches a hundred in 9.8 seconds, is prepared exclusively for those who do not want to put up with the calm character of his younger diesel brother and do not agree to a gasoline horse. This stallion is for those who want the fastest and fastest version of all the existing ones. At the same time, the buyer has no choice: if he wants a nimble diesel engine, then a premium set of several dozen necessary and not particularly options with four-wheel drive and he is obliged to purchase it “automatically”, having paid 1,379,900 rubles for it. And the brother of our purebred horse is not supposed to have such a configuration at all, the ceiling of the 136-horsepower "Sportage" is a version of "Laksheri". It does not have a panoramic roof, leather interior and a parking lot, and instead of 18-inch wheels are installed per inch smaller in diameter.

We decided:

The most powerful diesel "Sportage" will delight its owner with impressive agility and almost exhaustive equipment. True, you will have to pay for this with a ruble: it is 80 thousand more expensive than the equally richly equipped gasoline and 130 thousand less powerful diesel counterpart.

Unlike the rest of the world, where “Sportidge” has as many as seven different engines, in Russia the choice of buyers is not so great - only three engines. The most powerful "Sportage" is 2.3 seconds faster than its younger diesel brother and almost a second outperforms the petrol version with mechanics. And good horses, of course, are always valuable ...

Vehicle system with CRDI designation, also referred to as Common rail, has certain pluses and some minuses. Today it is installed on a fairly wide range car engines, it is characterized by certain characteristic differences in its modifications.

The system, referred to as CRDI, was developed as the main system for powering the engine, but even now many car owners still consider it to be something too exotic, and based on this, not reliable. In fact, the situation is somewhat different, and CRDI is used on a large number of different car models.

For Daimler cars, this system is characterized by the designation CDI, CRD, on Fiat cars this abbreviation will be JTD, TTiD, DDiS, Ecotec CDTi, on Ford it is TDCi, Kia and Hyundai - CRDi or Common Rail Direct Injection, on Volkswagen Group - TDI ...

In addition to the automotive industry, power units that use this solution are very actively used in shipbuilding processes and on railway locomotives.

When translated from English "common rail" can be translated as "common rail" or "common rail".

In accordance with the name, the principle of operation of such a system is based on the process of supplying fuel to the injectors, using a common accumulator, in which a sufficiently dense fuel pressure is created, before it is injected. That is, a common rail was developed specifically for pumping high fuel pressure (it is also a common rail). The creation of high pressure during fuel supply and its maintenance throughout the fuel system occurs regardless of the crankshaft speed in the unit or the actual amount of working fuel that is injected.

This is the main difference from the standard diesel-type system with a high-pressure fuel pump, as well as a cam-type drive, which is characterized by low pressure during fuel supply. The injection process is carried out by the injectors under the control of the EDC controller unit, using special magnetic solenoids, which are built directly into the injectors. Their activation comes from the control unit.

That is, from the very initial revolutions of the crankshaft in the engine, fuel is pumped into the common rail system, where it is under rather high pressure. From now on, it is always ready for injection. The features of the subsequent operation of the injector system and the entire mechanism as a whole also depend on the actions of the driver, which is calculated and implemented using the electronic control unit.

The processes of pumping and maintaining pressure, as well as the injection itself, are completely separated, the injection can be either two-phase or multiphase (up to 9 phases), depending on the nature of the vehicle's operating mode at the moment, load or high-speed.

The benefits of using Common Rail systems at all modern cars can be called, first of all, the ability to meet the strict requirements for efficiency and environmental cleanliness of the engine, which are steadily increasing every year.

In addition to reducing emissions, the system also helps to achieve significant savings through finer atomization of the fuel. This allows you to simultaneously reduce the amount of harmful emissions and noise levels, as well as increase the economy and engine power, due to more efficient, almost complete combustion of fuel. By means of high and constant pressure, during the injection process, it is also possible to achieve precise metering without any pressure waves.

The CRDi system, due to its stability in terms of maintaining a constant high pressure in the fuel supply line, eliminates the "wave" pressure surges that previously led to the destruction of the fuel lines. Thanks to this, the pressure can now be increased several times (up to 2,000 bar), and at the same time all the work taking place inside the nozzle will not have a destructive effect.

Among the certain disadvantages of the CRDi system, one can note slightly increased requirements for the purity and quality of diesel fuel. Due to the high precision of the system elements, as well as the constant high pressure, even the smallest foreign particles can damage the system components.

Do you know what a CRDI engine is? We will explain to you! In connection with the adoption of more stringent environmental measures to release harmful substances into the environment, they began to use the Common Rail fuel system for diesel engines.

The fuel supply to the cylinder in the system is under high pressure. Therefore, cars with Common Rail have gained about 15% fuel savings and an increase in engine power by 40%. The CRDI system has become widespread among cars with diesel engines that are operated with this particular system.

System Description

The term Common Rail is literally translated from English into Russian as "common rail". Based on the translation of this term, it is this definition that is laid down in the principle of the operation of this system. When it was created, a new CRDI diesel engine with direct injection of fuel into the cylinder was designed.

The CRDI motor received improved performance in terms of dynamics and power, which went in comparison with analogue characteristics gasoline engines... A special electronic unit was developed for programmed control of engine modes. The final step in the development of this system was the supply of fuel under high pressure to the common rail.

For anyone diesel engine various operating modes and variable loads are characteristic. When the engine is running, a different load occurs, independent of the crankshaft speed. The question arises, how is the high pressure in the system stabilized?

For this purpose, a control unit was installed, which maintains high pressure in the system by changing the volume of work of the fuel pump. Moreover, the maximum pressure is created when the crankshaft speed reaches a minimum value.

From the operating conditions of the motor, the ECU, by supplying various pulses, drives simple nozzles, which are equipped with electromagnetic or piezoelectric valves.

Common Rail has the advantage of optimizing engine performance. The maximum combustion efficiency in CRDI cylinders is closely related to the high precision of the electronic unit and high injection pressure. Moreover, optimal results are achieved in all engine operating modes. Based on this, there is a decrease in fuel consumption and a decrease in the toxicity indicator. exhaust gases.

With the creation of CRDI, which has significant potential, the diesel engine industry has grown widely. Everyone knows that it is necessary to develop technologies to reduce emissions of exhaust gases into the atmosphere. Since the environmental standards for toxicity are regularly increased. Due to all these conditions, Common Rail will develop intensively in the future.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the CRDI System

Not significant presence of toxic elements in exhaust gases, created due to complete combustion fuel-air mixture, and there is a significant increase in engine power.

The main difference between the CRDI engine system is the maintenance of the fuel pressure at the same level and independence from the crankshaft speed, fuel volume and other various factors that could affect the injection at different engine operating modes.

The electronic control unit opens the injection nozzles when fuel is supplied. Design feature The injectors of the system are built into them with special electromagnetic solenoids. Thanks to whom all this was realized.

This is also a feature of this system. In Common Rail, in the injector nozzle, the needle is raised by the control of the solenoid, and not by the pressure of the fuel.

The system also controls the injection pressure, the amount of fuel and the injection advance angle. That is, the program is stitched into the ECU and is used under different conditions and operating modes of the engine.

Fuel injection and injection turn out to be completely separate processes. Which led to another advantage of CRDI, namely multiphase injection, at least two-phase. Based on the speed limit, the number of revolutions and the load on the engine, the injection pressure can be dynamically changed.

In Common Rail, phased injection occurs in 1 working cycle, although earlier in the development of the system, double injection was assumed. More attention was paid to getting rid of detonation. The systems developed today provide nine fuel injection phases. Phased injection has significantly reduced the operating noise of the CRDI diesel engine, which is another benefit.

The precise dosage of fuel within the injection time is ensured by the high constant pressure in the rail. In previous designs with a conventional high pressure pump, this was not possible. All attempts to change the pressure led to the appearance of wave-like pulsation in the pipelines, from the pump to the nozzles.

As a result, under the influence of these waves, pipelines quickly failed. Therefore, in the high-pressure fuel pump, the pressure due to which the fuel is pumped into the injectors is strictly limited. It became clear that simple high-pressure fuel pumps cannot pump a pressure of 300 kg / cm2. And the Common Rail system considerably exceeds this figure. The CRDI system without breaking the system and fluctuating pressure assumes a mark up to 2000 bar.

Along with the advantages, the CRDI motor has a number of significant disadvantages. One of the drawbacks is the sensitivity to diesel fuel quality. Many elements of the system, namely the nozzles or the pump, instantly fail when the smallest otherworldly particles or fractions enter.

Another disadvantage is the high cost of engines equipped with the CRDI system, which ultimately increases the total cost. vehicle... For accurate operation of the engine, those are required, which are incorporated into the design, therefore such a system is complex.

Therefore, the possibility of repair in a garage is excluded, only in specialized services. Because repairing the system requires special tools, diagnostic stands and various types of equipment.

CRDI repairs require modular replacement of spare parts. And this leads to additional costly costs. Accordingly, from the reasons listed above, the cost of the work performed will be quite high.

Based on the above information, it becomes clear why many car owners in Russia still regard the Common Rail diesel engine power system as an unprofitable solution. It's all about the quality of domestic fuel and the level of service for cars with such engines.

All components of the CRDI motor are manufactured with increased precision, that is, the penetration of third-party elements into the system is not allowed. Under high pressure conditions, parts will instantly become unusable after consuming low-quality diesel fuel. And their replacement implies certain difficulties and increased costs.

The first generation Sorento is still very well remembered. It has become a bestseller of its kind. Despite the fact that the first Sorento looked more like an SUV, it was a real SUV with a frame and gearbox. Unfortunately, in endurance tests, serious and costly malfunctions surfaced: the gearbox failed. rear axle and a turbocharger.

During the test while driving Kia sorento 2.2 CRDi was visited by 33 drivers from the editorial staff of the Polish branch of the German magazine "Auto Bild". For 100 700 km of the way, the car has seen cities, gravel and highways. The crossover was often fully loaded, but within acceptable limits. The car survived the winter in the Alps and the terrible heat in Croatia. Result: in addition to the disorienting navigation, later replaced under warranty, and the fake ambient temperature sensor, no breakdowns and mechanical faults has not been identified. It was a little cold in the car in winter. The large SUV trunk was just the thing for editorial photographers, who always carried a lot of equipment, and for winter sports enthusiasts who prefer to relax with the whole family.

"Economical - diesel fuel consumption is below 8 liters, no oil consumption, quite comfortable, plenty of space and good makings outside the asphalt" - such positive reviews assembled a tested crossover after a trip to Croatia.

Further in the logbook read: “On slopes and rocks, the SUV confidently moves forward. Only occasionally did the front wheels lose contact with the ground. When driving along an unpleasant serpentine, there was no crackling or noise in the cabin. The engine runs clean. A large hatch that doesn't draw in too much air is thankfully not a source of annoying wind noise. "

But during the expedition to Croatia, several minor flaws were discovered. So the trunk curtain stopped folding, and the xenon light ignition unit refused right headlight... The navigation system software was outdated. Xenon headlights shine high even after corrections carried out as part of the planned Maintenance 60,000 km. Often at night, in response, oncoming drivers blinked with a high beam. Unfortunately, the xenon light reflector automatically selects the optimal vertical angle of illumination.

Once we got into an unpleasant situation when the keys were left in the ignition switch of a car with the engine turned off. central locking blocked all doors. The driver had to get into the cabin through a hatch, which fortunately was open. The question arises: why electronic system locks door locks when the key is in the ignition.

In turn, the high test editor states: “The seats are comfortable, the back does not hurt even after 500 km of movement without stopping. But, unfortunately, after 70,000 km, the driver's seat has a slight backlash - when accelerating, it deviates slightly back. "

Other disadvantages: the USB port is slightly loosened, and when the lever is released parking brake, it often remains on the penultimate "tooth", which is why the movement begins with slightly tightened pads. A warning beep helps to correct the mistake.

Other editors, after a long journey, praised the fuel-efficient diesel, consuming just 8.7 L / 100 km at 140 km / h. But it was not without reproaches: the sound of the running engine seemed to some too similar to the "tractor" one, and the washer fluid tank was emptied at a record pace. The noisy work of the suspension was also noted. By the end of the test, the leather seats showed clear signs of wear. The same was observed on the gear lever. At the end of the test, when the gears were switched on, an incomprehensible rattle appeared. One of the testers noted too much freewheeling noise from the A-pillars.

Nevertheless, all praised the Kia Sorento: "Powerful engine, smooth running, pleasant and safe handling, acceptable level of comfort." Despite the fact that the car ages twice as fast during the tests, Sorento made it to the finish line without a single mechanical failure.

The D4EA 2.0 diesel engine has a traditional arrangement of four cylinders in one row. Fuel system This power unit provides for the installation of a Common Rail ramp. The nozzles are designed to work at very high pressures. The cylinder head is either with one shaft or with two, it all depends on the number of valves installed on the engine modification.

The D4EA 2.0 CRDI engine, reviews of which are located on this page, is distinguished by direct fuel injection provided by an injector. This is evidenced by the CRDI prefix in the marking. This makes it possible to obtain a very clean exhaust, as well as to provide a relatively low fuel consumption, given the displacement.

The turbine of the D4EA engine was usually chosen by WGT or TCI, and also worked with an air pre-cooler - an intercooler. But this does not happen everywhere, for example, the Santa Fe classic D4EA is equipped with another supercharger - TD025M from Mitsubishi. Modern models of superchargers are capable of delivering more power to the power unit, so the relationship between release date and power is directly proportional.

Therefore, the Hyundai D4EA engine, which is equipped with an additional WGT supercharger, is capable of delivering only about 113 hp - 120 horsepower. The motors on which the TCI or VGT turbine is installed can develop power of 150 and 140 Horse power... With all this, regardless of the power, the volumes of the combustion chamber remain identical, and only the compression ratio of the fuel changes. A VGT turbine can work without an intercooler, but experimenting is not worth it, since the air pressure is greatly increased. In addition, this model of the supercharger provides for work with an individual high pressure fuel pump.

The santa fe 2.0 diesel D4EA engine also has a very important feature that does not apply to the turbine model being installed. This feature consists in individual adjustments of parameters for a specific car body. Depending on whether you have a crossover, sedan or minivan, the parameters will be different.

Peculiarities

The D4EA 2.0 CRDI engine, which has a very long resource, is not a classic diesel engine, it is something more. Against the background of similar engines, it stands out for its design features, which are as follows:

• The cylinders and drain holes for lubricating and cooling fluids are bored directly into the cylinder block, which is made entirely of cast iron.
• The motor device is designed to be durable crankshaft made of steel and a cast camshaft is fixed with five bearings.
• The reliability of the power unit is ensured by the fact that the cylinder head is made of aluminum, as well as the body of the water pump.
• The fuel starts to burn in a separate vortex chamber, which provides additional power.
• For the gas distribution mechanism, two schemes, SOHC and DOHC, are used, which are the most optimal.
• The high pressure fuel pump is driven by a gear train from the camshaft.
• The D4EA timing belt drives the timing mechanism, which is more reliable than a chain drive.
• The CRDI 2.0 engine provides for the installation of an intercooler, which is made of aluminum and is made in a plate design.
• The turbine together with the air blower are brought together in one common unit, which allows for the highest efficiency.
• The compressor description is based on a combination of exhaust gases and clean ambient air.
• Thanks to the installation of a special bypass valve, it is possible to relieve excessive pressure from the system, which allows to extend the life of the power unit.

The D4EA engine, the characteristics of which are presented above, is distinguished by a rather interesting operation of the single-shaft cylinder head. In this case, the thermal clearances of the valves are set in automatic mode using hydraulic expansion joints. The DOHC dual-shaft head is not equipped with such a system, so the valves have to be adjusted manually.

The D4EA motor, the reliability of which leaves no doubt, in 8 and 16 valve versions also differs in exhaust gas distribution schemes and the location of some attachments. Other components remain identical, including the ignition system and glow plugs on the D4EA 2.0 CRDI. The D4EA engine injector is also identical for both engine versions.

Flywheels are absent only on those models of the power unit that were installed on kia sportage 2006 and were paired with an automatic gearbox. In any other case, the motor works with flywheels.

If you pour high-quality oil into the D4EA engine and use only high-quality diesel fuel, then the resource of the D4EA engine will be relatively long. Power unit works without any particular complaints and does not have typical problems, so it got quite widespread on secondary market and acquired an army of fans. This phenomenon is also evidenced by the reviews left by the owners of cars with such power units.