Why do we need cars. Why do we need cars Why do we need cars on wiki rdf

- Hello guys!

(Slide 1)

My name is Maria Sergeevna, and today I will give you a lesson on the world around you!

- Please, sit down.

- Look at each other, smile, wish you a good mood at the lesson. Now look at me. I also wish you to work together and enjoy the new discoveries of today's lesson.

- Guys, guess the riddle, please.

(Slide 2)

Drinks gasoline like milk, Can run far. Carries goods and people. Are you familiar with her, of course?

Who can say what a car is? Why do we need a car?

That's right, everyone needs a car, because it does useful work - it transports people or goods.

It is difficult to imagine our life without a car. It is impossible to think that the streets and highways will suddenly become empty. And a hundred years ago, this transport was a curiosity. Most people believed that he was completely unnecessary, since the best and most reliable thing is a horse.

(Slide 3)

Now the car is the most common and familiar mode of transport for people. Cars are our friends and helpers. Almost half a billion people travel on our planet today. cars. And every day

there are more and more of them.

(Slide 4)

Fizminutka (Slide 5)

– Guys, look at these drawings, this is what cars looked like many years ago. How did they appear and become the way we see them today? Do you want to know? (Slide 6)

At first, man carried the load on himself. Heavy loads were carried by two. If the load was very heavy, it was rolled on logs, using a stick as a lever. (Slide 7)

As time went. Man invented the drag. At first he dragged it himself, and when a horse appeared on his farm, she began to drag the loads. (Slide 8)

And so the man invented the wheel. The first wheels were made of wood, they were very heavy and bulky. The first wheel was invented in Japan, and the first cart for it was invented there. Then the horse was harnessed to the wagon.

(Slide 9)

The first self-propelled cart was a toy and moved with the help of steam. And finally, a man made a car. The first cars were very similar to carriages. The very first car, instead of gasoline, was refueled with "wood" and was called "omnibus". The driver was called a chauffeur, which in French means "stoker".

(Slide 10)

Only many years later, it became similar to those that we used to see on the roads of our city.

(Slide 11)

- In the nineteenth century, the engine was invented internal combustion running on gasoline. With such an engine, it was possible to build a self-propelled carriage. They called it a car. If you remove the beautiful body cladding, then under it we will see a lot of mechanisms. Tell me how the car works.

(Slide 12)

Fizminutka (Slide 13)

- Envelopes with mosaics are on your desks. Assemble the car from parts. Work in pairs.

- Raise your hand those guys who got a truck, bus, a car.

(Slide 14)

- All cars can be divided into several groups: trucks, passenger, special.

(Slide 15)

- Look at the screen. Name the cars. These cars belong to the special group.

(Slide 16)

Now let's do some work in the workbook. Turn to page 41. Let's do activity #1. Where are these cars going? Let's connect these cars to their destination.

(Slide 17)

And now our lesson comes to an end. And I want to see how attentive you were today. What new did you learn at the lesson today? What conclusion can be drawn?

(Slide 18)

Now let's write down the homework. On page 41 in workbook No. 2, 3.

(Slide 19)

Guys, thank you for the lesson! It was my pleasure to work with you! You are all great fellows, I am very pleased with your work in the lesson. See you soon!

Most of us have dreamed of a car since childhood. But what about - in the culture of the CIS countries, a car is associated with success, growing up, freedom and prosperity. We buy the desired object, but after a few years, our hands begin to itch again - we want a car that is more powerful, bigger, more prestigious. And if you really think about it: why do you need a car? How much money are you willing to spend on “freedom” of movement?

How much do cars cost car owners

When buying a car, you need to consider not only its cost and the price of gasoline. Let's count all the expense items that are waiting for the newly minted car owner. We will take a medium performance car like Ford Focus and Volkswagen Golf, we will take into account the driving experience from 4 to 7 years and the annual mileage of not more than 20,000 kilometers. What happens:

Total total expenses - about 280,000 per year, or 23,500 per month. But it should be borne in mind that not everyone draws up Casco, and not everyone needs paid parking. Subtract these costs and get: about 90,000 rubles, or 7,500 per month. These figures already sound more realistic for the average resident of the CIS countries, although they are still quite high. After all, for example, the average salary in Russia, according to Rosstat, is 36,200 rubles. And we have not yet taken into account possible fines, repairs and annual maintenance costs.

Benefits of owning your own car

• You do not depend on the schedule public transport.
• If you want to suddenly go somewhere at an inopportune time (for example, at night), you do not need to order a taxi.
• You feel freedom of movement.
• In some cases (for example, in certain professional areas), a good car is indeed considered an important status item.
• With your car, you can solve the problem of moving in small provincial towns or outside the city (due to undeveloped public transport or its absence).
• If you urgently need money, you can always sell the car.
• In rain, blizzard, cold and extreme heat, it is much more pleasant to drive your car than to wait for transport at a bus stop.
• Body detox: When you are always driving, you stop drinking alcohol. This is, of course, a joke 🙂 But the points above are more than serious.

Cons of owning a car:

• The high cost of a good car.
• Financial costs for the monthly maintenance of the car. What we wrote about above.
• The problem of traffic jams in large cities. Sometimes the travel time by car is five times (!) the time you would take public transport to get to the same destination.
• Car storage problem. Leaving your car outside in the snow and rain is not a good idea. And buying or renting a garage is quite expensive.

As you can see, the issue of owning a car rests on the financial costs of its maintenance. What are the alternatives to owning your car, we will tell you in the next article. In the meantime, you can estimate how much of your personal budget your car eats up. To do this, use

Instruction

The words "car", "car" most often mean vehicle belonging to the person. Whether to have it is a personal matter for everyone, since owning it involves quite significant expenses: for fuel, maintenance, storage, fines, taxes, etc. But the main thing is that the internal energy of the fuel is very irrationally spent in such a vehicle. Per person, moving "from point A to point B" even in a small car will require significantly more fuel than if it covers the same distance, for example, by bus or subway.

If there are several passengers, the total consumption increases slightly, so traveling in groups is somewhat more rational. This clearly shows such a calculation. The engine power of a small car is about 70 kW, with four passengers each has 17.5 kW, with one - all 70. In a bus with an engine with a power of 200 kW and 50 passengers, each of them has only 4 kW. But this does not mean that if you have a car, you need to get rid of it immediately. You can not ride every day, but only when there are no traffic jams, and you need to overcome a significant distance. Or when you need to deliver a heavy load, such as a refrigerator. You can simply not, again, on days of heavy traffic jams, use intercepting parking lots.

The bus is also a very common mode of transport, and the most common type of public transport. Somewhat inferior in terms of environmental friendliness to trolleybuses and trams, it has such an advantage as autonomy: it does not require road equipment either with wires or rails. Bus engines in most cases run on inexpensive fuels: diesel fuel and methane (the only exception is minibuses, and even then not all). Together with a more rational consumption of this fuel, this factor makes the bus very economical. In the cost of a bus ticket, fuel costs make up only a few percent, the rest is the salary of drivers and maintenance personnel, spare parts, and depreciation. But even so, it turns out to be much more profitable for a passenger to ride it than or his own car, especially when using a ticket.

Official vehicles make up only a small percentage of urban transport, so it has little effect on both the environmental background and traffic jams. But he plays a huge role, because without him many processes in the city would freeze, seemingly imperceptible as long as they run smoothly. For example, moving goods, patrolling the streets. Also, it is this type of transport that doctors, public utilities, etc. most often get to their destination. Special types of vehicles are used in maintaining the patency of roads, mining, agriculture, airports, military affairs. We can safely say that thanks to official vehicles we are full, healthy, safe, and in the yards of our houses lights are on in the evenings.

It is difficult to imagine sports without motor transport. Drivers of sports vehicles, called pilots, participate in interesting competitions that attract many spectators. And in other sports, in addition to such an obvious role as the delivery of athletes, vehicles also play ancillary roles, for example, during the repair and preparation for competitions of stadiums, ice rinks, etc.

Presentation for the lesson of the surrounding world, Grade 1 of the EMC "School of Russia" Author: Nikiforova Natalya Vasilievna, primary school teacher, MKOU "Gremyachenskaya secondary school" Khokholsky district, Voronezh region

"Why do we need cars?"

Guess the riddle:

Drinks petrol like milk

Can run far.

Carries goods and people.

Are you familiar with her, of course?

It is difficult to imagine our life without a car.

It is impossible to think that they will suddenly become empty

streets and highways. And a hundred years ago, this transport was a curiosity. Most people thought that it was completely unnecessary, since

the best and most reliable thing is a horse.

click on the riddle

What is a car?

Cars are ground transportation.

They are needed so that people can quickly move to the places they need, transport goods and passengers.

click on the question

Now the car is the most

and the mode of transport habitual for people. Cars are our friends and helpers. There are almost half a billion cars on our planet today. And every day they become

More.

How did they appear and become the way we see them today?

If you were to ask who invented

car, that question would be difficult to answer. And it would be even more difficult to say: when and where was the car born?

click on the question

The car has very old wheels - they drove on wheels

and a thousand years ago. And the engine is very young -

he is about a hundred years old. Inventors in different countries they tried to build a cart that would run by itself, without a horse.

Two hundred years ago, a Nizhny Novgorod master

Leonty Shamshurenkov decided to build his "self-running carriage" so that its wheels were driven by people. The carriage he made ran without a horse. Two people stood in this four-wheeled covered carriage and worked, but others calmly rode, sitting on benches.

and doing nothing.

"Self-running stroller"

The remarkable Russian inventor Ivan Petrovich Kulibin learned about this "self-running carriage". He began to think about how to improve the carriage. And he managed to build such a "scooter", which could already be powered by only one person.

"Scooter"

vintage cars

What cars exist today and what are they for?

Types of transport

Passenger

Cargo

Special

trolleybus

A car

Truck

dump truck

Tank

Excavator

Bulldozer

Lifting

fire department

Ambulance

Products

sports cars

Vehicle device

When driving, you need to use seat belts, and children ride in a special chair!

Thanks kids

Teacher Automobile Automobile Taxi Cars

Automobile Cart Stroller Kulibin Scooter

vintage cars: 1 2 3 4 5

Belts Children

The drawing on the 13th slide was scanned from a textbook on the world around us for grade 1, part 2 by A.A. Pleshakov, p.60

Internet sources

Lesson on the world around in grade 1

Topic: Why do we need cars?»

The form academic work- classy lesson.

Type of lesson: learning new material.

Basic concepts: cars (cargo, passenger, sports, special).

Acquired skills of children:

application of species knowledge road transport by appointment.

Forms of organizing the work of children: independent work, work in groups, frontal work.

The purpose of the lesson: to form ideas about the diversity of road transport, to develop the cognitive interest and outlook of students, to comply with the requirements for the lesson from the standpoint of health saving.

Lesson objectives:

1. Formation of concepts: a car, types of road transport for its intended purpose.

2. Development of imagination; ability to analyze, compare, group objects; development of coherent speech of students.

3. Compliance with health-saving technologies in the classroom:

Accounting for age and sex characteristics.

Accounting for the state of health of the student and his individual psycho-physiological characteristics when choosing forms, methods and means of education.

Structuring the lesson into parts depending on the level of mental performance of students.

The use of health-saving actions to maintain working capacity and expand the functional capabilities of the student's body.

Equipment and visibility

At the teacher:

computer, multimedia - projector;

cards with the words: “cars”, “trucks”, “passenger”, “sports”, “special”;

exhibition of car models.

For students:

textbook A.A. Pleshakov "The world around us", grade 1, part 2;

workbook for the textbook;

colour pencils;

mosaic envelopes for pair work.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

The long-awaited call is given -

The lesson starts.

Got up, pulled up

smiled at each other,

Everyone looked at me and quietly sat down.

Tell me, what is your mood now?

2. Introduction to the topic.

The inquisitive Ant brought us riddles to the lesson today. Let's help him figure it out!

This strong machine

Rides on huge tires!

Immediately removed half the mountains

Seven-ton ... (dump truck)

What a miracle, red house

There are many passengers in it.
Shoes are made of rubber

And it feeds on gasoline. (Bus)

Raised up two hands

He took two veins in his fists.

"Give way, guard,

I'll run across the pavement!" (Trolleybus)

We would be very sad

It would be so sad

If only garbage from our streets

I didn’t drive ... (garbage truck)

We're standing at the bus stop

We're going to update.

There are rails, don't yawn

A big one is hurrying towards us ... (tram)

He is in the field and at the construction site,

He is an honorary worker.

He endures the burden,

Carries cargo ... (truck)

Does not fly, does not buzz, the beetle runs along the street,

And two brilliant lights burn in the eyes of the beetle.

This gave the factory to him:

And the lights look into the darkness, and the wheels, and the motor,

Rushed to full speed. (Automobile)

Very hot, very dry

A fly died from the heat.

The faucet won't give us water.

Somewhere to know the renovation is underway.

Suddenly to the trees and flowers

A pond drives up in a barrel.

Carefully poured everything and drove back.

Busy with unobtrusive work

Carries water ... (water carrier)

Hey, stay out of the way!

The car rushes on alarm.

Why is she in such a hurry?

What do you mean why? Put out the fire. (Fire engine)

Armed, toothy, walks and wanders along the street.

The snow is coming and falling.

And the janitor just squints,

And the janitor smiles:

Snow is raked without it. (Snowplow)

Does rain have 4 wheels?

What are these miracles called? (Washing machine)

Well done boys!

How, in one word, to call all these objects? (Transport, cars)

3. Reporting the topic and setting the goal of the lesson.

Guys, guess what we will talk about in the lesson?

- The topic of our lesson: "Why do we need cars"

The car attracts a modern person from early childhood. This is a favorite toy of boys and even most girls. Today, our exhibition presents the most valuable models from your collections.

I propose to play the game "Auto Dealership", you will be sellers of cars, you need to present it in such a way that we want to buy it.

But cars are not only toys. Today we will talk about real cars.

Today in the lesson we will find out the meaning of road transport, get acquainted with the device of the car, learn about the car of the future.

4. Study of new material.

Why are cars needed?

Guys, you see pictures of cars on the board, you need to choose the one you like the most and determine which group it belongs to, be careful on the tables there are leaflets with the name.

Division into groups

Cars

cargo passenger sports special

What do you need trucks? Passenger? Sports? Special?

Who is driving the car?

5. Physical game

" I am a driver"

What should be a real driver?

Now you all turn into drivers and find yourself on the street big city, you need to drive through the city and not hit a single car or trample anyone.

Get ready! Look left, right, up, down. Go!

Do you know when the first cars appeared and what they were like? After all, now you can’t meet them on the streets, they are in museums or private collections.

Reports of girls Vintage cars.

Guys, it turns out that people invented cars that run on gasoline over a hundred years ago. They were very different from our modern machines.

The distant ancestor of automobiles was the steam engine. It was created in France (1769). "Cugno Cart" was funny. Thunderous and clumsy, with a huge steam boiler with a smoking chimney, a driver's chair in the middle, the whole structure rolled on three wheels: one small one in front, two large ones behind. The driver controlled the car with levers. The car was moving at a speed of only 8 km per hour. The riders laughed at the slow-moving car and overtook it easily. In the city, this car was allowed to drive at a speed of only 3 km per hour.

The steam car was too noisy and heavy. We needed another car. Therefore, a hundred years later, they created a new engine that had neither a boiler nor a firebox. New engine worked on gasoline.

The first car did not have a roof, and the wheels resembled bicycle wheels. But he raced along the roads with unheard-of speed, overtaking carriages and riders.

(consideration of illustrations depicting the first cars)

What else should a driver know?

Every car is made up of parts. Assemble the car mosaic and label the parts of the car you know. We will check whether all the parts you have signed | check according to the standard)

What other car parts do you know?

You, of course, love to collect the designer? It is made up of various small parts. The machine also consists of various small parts. The machine is made up of metal parts. It turns out that the car was invented by those adults who played, played in the childhood in the designer, and played too much. Here, in adulthood, they try to assemble cars from the designer: simple and complex, small and large ...

The main component of any car is the engine, which in turn consists of shafts, connecting rods, pistons, valves, and all this is driven by a combustible mixture - gasoline.

Every car has a wheel. And not one, but many. And they are all different: small and large, with and without teeth, the wheel is attached to the axle, which helps the wheel to spin. And so that nothing prevents the wheel from spinning, there is another very important detail - the bearing. The bearing helps the wheel turn on the axle.

The car has a whole box with small and large wheels that help the driver to turn on different gears- first, and second, third, fourth, fifth.

So it turns out that the most important parts in an adult constructor - a car, are: engine, bearing, wheel, gearbox

What is the name of a driver who drives big cars and goes far? trucker

A complex of general developmental exercises "Cars".

1. "Woke up, stretched"

Starting position(ip) - main stance, tilting the head down, hands behind the head, elbows down.

Hands up - to the sides, raise your head, bend over - a deep breath; return to i.p. - exhale.

2. "Start the engine"

I.p. - standing legs apart, arms to the sides.

Turning the body to the left and right with rotational movements of the hands in front of the chest.

3. "Check the seat belts."

I.p. - standing, legs apart, arms along the body. Tilts left and right, arms slide along the body.

4. "Checking the brakes."

I.p. - standing, hands behind the back, perform rotational movements with the foot of the left - right foot alternately.

5. "Let's go!"

I.p. - o.s. we perform walking in place, turning into a run.

Imagine that you and I are on a road trip.

Where will you sit? (In the back seat). Why?

At what age can you ride front seat?

What must be done when getting into a car? (buckle up).

Well done, you are just exemplary passengers!

5. Consolidation of the studied material.

Guys, why is the wise turtle wearing a gas mask? Read.

What kind of cars likes Grumpy-Gryaznuchka? Why?

What cars does Zlyuchka dislike? (electric vehicle)

What are these cars?

Do you think we need such cars?

Draw in groups the car of the future.

Do you know what would happen if cars didn't need gasoline? (additional material)

Continue the sentence: If cars could drive without gasoline, then ... Cars move thanks to the energy that is obtained from the combustion of gasoline. Small explosions occur in the car engine. They spin the engine. The engine turns the wheels of the car. She's driving. But these small explosions in the engine release large amounts of smoke and other harmful substances into the air. Sometimes you can observe how the exhaust pipe of some buses and cars puffs and smokes. Some adults dream of inventing a car that would not pollute the air. What do you think: what will be the car of the future?

Will cars run on electricity? Or will they run on solar energy? One thing is clear: machines constantly need a source of energy to work. Most types of energy originally come to us from the Sun. Living nature - plants and animals - accumulate the energy of sunlight. When plants die, they end up underground. After many, many years, they turn into coal, oil, natural gas. It takes several million years to form such a fuel. A person needs to save and conserve fuel reserves on our planet.

6. The result of the lesson. Reflection

Well done, you've done a good job.

What new did you learn in the lesson?

What conclusion can be drawn? (Cars are reliable human assistants. But in order to use them safely, you need to know and follow the rules traffic drivers, pedestrians and passengers.)

What did you like about the lesson?

Which of you would like to create new car?

The next lesson we will start with a drawing competition on best car future.

The lesson is over. Thank you for your work.

7. Setting homework.

Guys, at home you will make your car. Cut out blanks from the workbook and glue them.

And also think about what this car is for, come up with your own brand for it.

8. Used literature and Internet resources.

The world around us. Textbook for grade 1 elementary school. In 2 hours / A.A. Pleshakov, - 8th ed. – M.: Enlightenment, 2009.

A.A. Pleshakov Workbook for the textbook for grade 1 "The World Around Us". At 2 hours - M .: Education, 2009.

O.I. Dmitrieva "Partful developments at the course" World around "- Moscow" Vako "2006

Teachers' Council. No. 11, 2003, p.14