In the life of every man, sooner or later there comes that period when a pair of white sneakers gives way to patent leather shoes, a pack of Parliament to a cigarette case made of expensive wood, and unrestrained parties in the company of “wild ladies” to cozy evenings in the company of his beloved family. It is then that the realization of the complete worthlessness of such fashionable, but such impractical sports coupes and convertibles comes. The ideals of the automotive industry, which previously seemed incomprehensible, acquire completely different, monumental features.

A car, like The Ten No. 01 whiskey from independent bottler La Maison, must be aged and strong, as well as have a “pleasant smokiness” on the nose. That is why your choice will fall on one of the most “hardy” SUVs on our planet, which has managed to earn the title of “honorable veteran” - the UAZ 469. However, only a farmer or a blacksmith can afford to become the owner of an ordinary, unremarkable “469”. You need something special that will awe modern small cars - UAZ, which arrived from military storage (preservation).

To search for such an attribute that every true gentleman needs, we went to the workshop Military car. Let's look in detail at how to choose and purchase a former military UAZ and what this strange phrase means - “preserved.”

Tell us how the idea of ​​selling ex-military vehicles came about?

Having our own body repair shop, we wanted to purchase and build a special UAZ. Having combed the entire Internet up and down, we have identified several advertisements for the sale of Russian SUVs “from conservation” or military storage. Interest grew, our knowledge of this area increased, acquiring new connections and contacts. Thus, having acquired the first batch of cars, we completely switched to their preparation, restoration and sale, “postponing” body repair for later. Having absorbed the experience of searching and repairing such cars from all over Russia, we began to sell for real quality cars V perfect condition and with a full set of documents.

How do you search for cars?

Let me make a reservation right away: we do not reveal military secrets (laughs). However, I can absolutely assure you that the cars “come” to us not from the army, since, first of all, army cars do not have documents, and, secondly, their condition leaves much to be desired.

In what condition do the cars arrive to you?

There are several military vehicle storage groups:

• 1st storage group. It involves keeping the car in a heated box all year round in full compliance with the “preservation” technology;
• 2nd storage group. Year-round placement of equipment in an unheated box;
• 3rd storage group. Year-round outdoor storage;
• 4th storage group. It is a parking lot of once broken equipment, which over time turns into scrap metal.

Cars of the 1st storage group are very rare. These are the most valuable specimens, which are extremely difficult to obtain. Most of the cars we present belong to the 2nd storage group.

Upon arrival, each car undergoes a thorough inspection, maintenance with an oil change in the axles, transfer case, engine and gearbox, as well as body restoration and painting to return it to the authentic appearance of a brand new car, corresponding to its odometer readings.

What cars can be purchased from you?

• UAZ 469;
• UAZ 3151;
• UAZ 452;
• UAZ 3303;
• ZIL 131;
• GAZ 66.

It is possible to search and sell any military equipment to order, as well as its further re-equipment to suit the needs of a specific client.

I want a UAZ from preservation. How can I purchase it?

To do this, you just need to call us or write a private message on Instagram. Always in stock big choice cars. Let us note that each of them has a full set of documents, and, if necessary, can be cleared through customs and transported abroad. Thus, several SUVs have already been cleared through customs and delivered to customers in Germany and even China.

Tell us about the cars themselves, how do they differ from the “civilian” versions?

Military vehicles are distinguished by their matching paint jobs, canvas covers, and “military bridges.” There is a lot of debate about which bridges are better. However, I note that cars with both “military” and “civilian” bridges are equally good off-road.

Basically, UAZ is purchased for off-road driving. However, especially valuable copies of the UAZ 469 are purchased for private collections.

What is the cost of purchasing a UAZ from conservation?

• UAZ 3151 – 230,000 – 300,000 rubles;
• UAZ 469 – each copy is unique;
• UAZ 3303 – 180,000 – 270,000 rubles.

What other interesting things can you buy from you?

At the moment, we are engaged in a new direction for ourselves - the restoration and sale of vintage cars. Currently, our workshop is undergoing restoration of the GAZ 69 and GAZ M-20 Pobeda. When carrying out work, only original spare parts are used to maintain the authenticity of the machines.

"Technician"

The SUV, bearing the index 3151, is an all-wheel drive utility vehicle, first shown by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant in 1985 together with model 31512. The first versions of these models, which replaced the previously produced (from 1972 to 1985) UAZ 469B and 469, under the hood of which the UMZ-451M engines with a power of 75 hp were located received indexes 3151-01 and 31512. The new SUVs were equipped with a UMZ-414 engine developing a power of 80 hp. Both models had a 4-door metal body with a soft, removable awning and a tailgate.

Later versions of SUVs were equipped with UMZ-417 engines with a power of 90 hp. A distinctive feature of model 3151 from 31512 was the presence of wheel reducers, shielded electrical equipment and preheater engine. Production of the UAZ 3151 was completed in October 2003.

Today the UAZ-3151 is the only SUV in service in the Armed Forces Russian Federation.

There are several military modifications of the car:

• general purpose vehicle;
• command and control vehicle;
• radiation and chemical reconnaissance vehicle.

For questions regarding the purchase of military vehicles from conservation, please contact: Military car.
Photographer: Nikita Kostyunin

UAZ-469 And UAZ-3151- Soviet cargo-passenger off-road vehicles (SUVs), produced at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant.

The main command vehicle in the Soviet Army, as well as in the Warsaw Pact countries, starting from the mid-1970s, replacing its predecessor GAZ-69 in this capacity. Serial production of the UAZ-469 and UAZ-469B models began in December 1972; before that, starting in 1964, several pilot production series were produced. In 1985, production of the modernized UAZ-3151 model with a normalized industry index began. Its production in 2003 was limited only to the gearbox (3151) and export (31512, 31514 and 31519) versions due to the transition to the modernized UAZ-315195 Hunter model for the domestic market.

Starting in April, during 2010, a limited series of SUVs was produced under the conventional marketing name “469” (factory index UAZ-315196). The release of this series was timed to coincide with the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War and is planned in a volume of 5000 units.

In 2011, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation decided to abandon further purchases of the UAZ-3151.

STORY

The UAZ-469 was designed for transporting people, cargo and light car trailers on all types of roads. Development of the car began in the 1950s; in 1958, the first prototype, called the UAZ-460, was built. The car looks like an American Jeep - a tough, utilitarian SUV, but not very comfortable. It is interesting that already in 1965, images of the UAZ-469 could be found in the Soviet press, but the car was still far from being put into production.

The first UAZ-469 rolled off the assembly line of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant on December 15, 1972. They replaced the GAZ-69. The Volga GAZ-21, well known to the mechanics of those years and known for its reliability and structural safety margin, was largely used as an aggregate base.

Under the designation UAZ-469, the car was produced until 1985, after which, in accordance with the 1966 industry system, it received the four-digit number 3151 (the UAZ-469B car received the number 31512).

In August 1974, three completely standard (without winches and traction chains) UAZ-469 vehicles reached a glacier on Mount Elbrus at an altitude of 4200 meters during a test run.

In February 2010, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant announced the resumption of production in a limited batch of a model called UAZ-469 (index UAZ-315196). Changes have been made to the design to increase comfort (spring front suspension, front disc brakes, power steering (complete with metal roof), engine ZMZ-4091 112 hp. p.), however, the solutions used in the original design are also used, and have undergone changes: Timken split bridges, which received steering knuckles from the Spicer Bridges; metal bumpers complemented by plastic “fangs”; tailgate, previously used on the UAZ Hunter Classic).

In January 2011, the UAZ-469 disappeared from the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant catalog, having reached the limit of 5,000 vehicles. The UAZ Hunter Classic has returned to its place, the price of which is significantly higher than the price of the 469.

DESIGN

• The body is open, five-seater, with a removable canvas awning, four-door, side doors with removable metal glazed extensions. The tailgate (“fifth door”) is for loading luggage; two folding seats in the back can accommodate two more passengers. The canopy arches are removable, the windshield frame folds back onto the hood, which makes camouflage and transportation easier (for example, in a helicopter).
• The car body is mounted on a durable and torsionally rigid spar frame.
• The engine is an in-line 4-cylinder 2.5-liter UMZ-451MI engine.
• Power - 75 l. With.
• Fuel - gasoline A-72 or A-76.
• Clutch - dry single disc.
• Transmission - 4-speed (with synchronizers in 3rd and 4th gears). The transfer case is two-stage, rigidly attached to the gearbox (there is no intermediate driveshaft).
• Fuel tanks - 2 x 39 l.
• Fuel consumption at a speed of 90 km/h is 16 liters per 100 km.
• Total number of places - 7.

UAZ-469 carries 7 passengers and 100 kg of luggage or two passengers and 600 kg. The car can tow a trailer weighing 850 kg.

For increase ground clearance up to 300 mm, drive axles with a double main gear (extended crankcase of reduced vertical size) and reducing final drives (between the axle shaft and the hub, a pair of cylindrical gears with internal gearing; the direction of rotation of the axle shaft and the hub are the same) were used. The UAZ-469B had drive axles with a single main gear (designed on the basis of axles from the GAZ-69), and there were no final drives. The ground clearance of the “civilian” UAZ was 220 mm. The driveshafts on the UAZ-469B were slightly longer. The total gear ratio of the drive axles (both geared and gearless) was almost the same (for the geared one 5.38, and for the gearless one 5.125).

The front axle hubs were switchable, which made it possible to slightly reduce fuel consumption on roads with good surfaces. The driver used a tubular socket wrench to unscrew the protective cap ( the same wrench was used to adjust the wheel bearings), then use a hexagon on “12” to connect and disconnect the coupling. Vehicles have been equipped with quick-release or self-locking clutches since the 1990s.

In 1980, the exterior lighting equipment on cars was changed. The direction indicators at the front and rear received orange lenses, and turn indicator repeaters appeared on the side of the hood. At the same time, hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers were introduced into the suspension design instead of lever ones. Since 1983, the car has been equipped with a model 414 engine with a power of 77 hp. With. A year later, the cooling system appeared expansion tank and a sealed radiator cap.

UAZ-3151

In 1985, the car was modernized, the geared version, according to the new classification, received the index 3151. The cars appeared:

• Hydraulic clutch release;
• Cardan shafts with radial-face seal bearings;
• New lighting devices (two-section sidelights, three-section rear lights FP-132, side repeaters);
• Electric windshield washer;
• Suspended clutch and brake pedals;
• High-reliability drive axles with a changed gear ratio of the main pair and wheel gearboxes;
• Brake system with dual-circuit drive and signaling device;
• Split safety steering column;
• More efficient and reliable heater;
• Some cars have a fully synchronized 4-speed gearbox, vacuum booster brakes;
• The power of the UMZ-417 engine has been increased to 80 hp. With.;
• The maximum speed of the car increased to 120 km/h.

APPLICATION IN THE ARMY AND SECURITY STRUCTURES

MODIFICATIONS

• UAZ-469 - military version with a two-stage final drive, final drives and ground clearance of 300 mm, after modernization in 1985 it received the index UAZ-3151
• UAZ-469B- the main, “civilian” version with a single-stage main gear (there are no final drives in the bridges) (clearance = 220 mm), after modernization in 1985 it received the index - UAZ-31512 (with a metal top - UAZ-31514 and with a 2.89-liter engine UMZ-4218 - UAZ-31519)
• UAZ-469BI - version 469B with shielded electrical equipment (for example, for R-403M - radio relay transceiver VHF radio station)
• UAZ-469BG - medical, equipped with seats for medical staff and stretchers, after modernization in 1985 it received the index UAZ-3152
• UAZ-469РХ - radiation-chemical reconnaissance vehicle

NON-SERIAL

• UAZ-3907 "Jaguar" is an amphibious vehicle based on the UAZ-469. The amphibian has two propellers installed in front of the rear axle.
• UAZ-Martorelli is a variant of the UAZ-469B, exported to Italy, where the car was significantly modified. There were several modifications:
  • with "native" gasoline engine UMZ-451M (2500 cm 3, 75 hp) was called UAZ-Explorer,
  • with Peugeot XD2 diesel (2500 cm 3, 76 hp) - UAZ-Marathon,
  • with a turbodiesel from Vittorio Martorelli VM (2400 cm 3, 100 hp) - UAZ-Dakar,
  • with a FIAT gasoline engine (2000 cm 3, 112 hp) - UAZ-Racing.

SPORT

In 1978, in San Remo, Martoletti, driving a UAZ-469, received the “Silver Jack” award for winning the Italian Autocross Championship.

WORLD RECORDS

The regular UAZ-469 set a new world record for capacity passenger car. 32 people could fit inside the SUV at the same time, approximately the same number of passenger seats as a regular bus. The total weight of passengers including the driver was 1900 kg.

The fully loaded UAZ-469 also drove 10 m, as required by the conditions for setting a world record. The record was registered by the International Agency of Records and Achievements, and photographs and video materials indicating the establishment of the record will also be sent to the World Edition of the Guinness Book of Records. Students and teachers of the State School of Circus and Variety Arts named after M. N. Rumyantsev took part in the preparation and establishment of the record. The previous record belongs to a sedan KIA Spectra, which could accommodate 23 people.

• Popular nicknames include “Kozlik” and “Bobik”.
• Police cars had an all-metal roof, an iron grille between the rear row of seats and the “aft” side seats, the back door was locked from the outside, and the window in it was barred.
• In the fifth volume of the second edition of the “Children’s Encyclopedia” (published in 1965), on the color insert to page 412, a “UAZ-469 phaeton of the 4x4 type” is depicted, although before serial production seven years remained.
• You can distinguish the “geared” UAZ-469 (UAZ-3151) from the “gearless” UAZ-469B (UAZ-31512) by looking under the car, and from the outside - at the “geared” rear axle transmission of torque to the hub occurs through a conical “cap”; on a “gearless” one, the axle shaft flange is visible.
• 300 ml is poured into each reducer (and there are four of them). transmission oil.

The UAZ brand car is a full-fledged SUV with a 4x4 wheel arrangement, which is equipped with a transfer case with a mechanical connection of the front drive wheels and a shift to a lower gear.

There is a claim that the transmission, or rather the wheel drive axles of a military-made vehicle, compares favorably with civilian ones; we can try to find out whether this is actually true.

Design Features

The design of the military bridge includes the use of additional final drives, which are installed for more optimal distribution of torque to both wheels for difficult road conditions. The presence of gearboxes, firstly, increases the vehicle’s ground clearance by 8 cm, which provides additional advantages when passing through deep ruts, wetlands, forests and other difficult conditions.

Secondly, due to the changed ratio gear ratios, UAZ equipped with military axles has better engine thrust in lower gears. When front-wheel drive is connected and the lever is moved to the low gear position, such a unit can easily drive on almost any off-road terrain, and even drag a trailer weighing up to 2 tons, and this with an engine power of only 75 l/s, if you take a 469 UAZ up to 90 years of manufacture.

UAZ vehicles produced specifically for the defense industry were developed more carefully, taking into account all the nuances regarding the ratio of power and cross-country ability of the vehicle, its readiness for operation in harsh climates, an extended temperature range, and operation in the complete absence of road conditions. UAZ of some modifications was even developed to accompany tank columns. That's why Special attention was given to the transmission.

A vehicle equipped with military-style axles can be operated at very low or high temperature ranges with an almost complete absence of oil in the gearboxes. In this case, only a uniform hum will be heard in the UAZ emanating from the bridges, while the transmission of the civilian vehicle will already fail. But such operation is allowed only in extreme, forced cases; in all other cases, the military bridge, like all mechanisms, needs timely lubrication and must work as expected - in an oil bath.

The wheels of a car with military-made axles are located below the central axis of the bridge, due to final drives, this increases cross-country ability in bad conditions. road conditions. The military axle driveline is one centimeter shorter.

Comfort

UAZ, any modification, with civilian or military axles, a car created for a special category of people - military, hunters, fishermen, workers special services who do not feel the need for additional options for comfort, such as increased sound insulation or leather interior. But there is a claim that UAZ on military bridges has more high level noise—the bridges are “humming.” This statement is erroneous; a bridge of any type “makes noise” only in a faulty state, or during improper operation - when insufficient level oil in the crankcase, the main pair or hubs are worn out, the gearbox or transfer mechanism is faulty. At proper maintenance and operation, even an expert cannot distinguish a civilian bridge from a military one by sound.

Visual differences

The military bridge has threaded connection gearbox on the left side in the direction of travel of the car, civilian right in the center. The military bridge stocking is longer on the right side and shorter on the left. In civilian construction, the stockings are visually identical. The ground clearance of a military vehicle is slightly different in height from that of a civilian vehicle.

Interchangeability

Military-style axles, like other transmission elements, can be installed on a civilian vehicle, and civilian axles are suitable only after special modification.

The cost of military bridges for a UAZ vehicle is on average 20 percent more expensive than for civilian ones. To order them, you should contact a specialized store.

Over all the years of production, it had to change several names: UAZ-469, UAZ-3151, UAZ-Hunter... And how many modifications and special versions have been created over all these years! At the same time, the essence of this machine has never changed - exactly as we know it, our fathers and even grandfathers knew it... And it will be all the more interesting to look at some little known facts biographies of the legendary UAZ.

How it all began

The beginning of the history of this machine is called differently in different sources - after all, it can be counted from the start of production, and from state acceptance, and from the end of testing or design... We would venture to say that the history - namely the history of creation - of this machine begins back in 1956, although the car that they began to design at UAZ did not bear even a remote resemblance to the final product.

Start to the legendary UAZ put... amphibious vehicle. In 1956, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, which then produced the GAZ-69 and GAZ-69A, received an order from the Ministry of Defense to develop a floating jeep. Such army vehicles were a “trend” in the world in those years, and the Soviet military looked primarily at the main strategic enemy - the United States.

UAZ 460

The new Soviet jeep, in addition to its buoyancy properties, had to have a ground clearance of 400 mm in order to pass along a tank track, and also be completely independent suspension and a carrying capacity designed for 7 passengers or 800 kg.

At that time, the department of the chief designer (OGK) at UAZ was busy with the development of the UAZ-450 family and its successor, the UAZ-452. Nevertheless, work on a new army jeep began to boil, but soon the military’s requirements were supplemented: it was necessary to install a recoilless rifle on the SUV - the Americans began to install such weapons on their light vehicles. And it doesn’t matter that in the USA land jeeps were armed in this way (you have to “catch up and overtake”), and the already partially designed Soviet amphibian has a rear-engine layout, and when installing a gun, powder gases would hit directly into the engine compartment.

UAZ 471

For the UAZ engineering staff, this essentially meant starting all the work over again, moving the power unit forward. Surprisingly, it was precisely this circumstance that helped the legendary UAZ that we know now appear. Moreover, after changing the layout to a front-engine one, the following happened: the Ministry of Defense removed the requirement for the vehicle to be buoyant, transferring the UAZ to the theme of land vehicles for the army, and the issue with the recoilless rifle disappeared from the requirements of the technical specifications.

Nevertheless, the requirements remained for independent suspension and ground clearance of 400 mm, the ability to transport up to 7 people or 800 kg of cargo. Moreover, the car body must be unified for transporting goods and people, while the previous army jeep had two modifications - the three-door cargo GAZ-69 and the five-door passenger GAZ-69A. What about ground clearance? The new jeep’s non-trivial ability to walk on a tank track forced the developers to look for completely non-standard solutions.

UAZ 469

Legendary "military" bridges

However, we started from what had already been achieved. In 1960, two prototypes were assembled - one of them was designated UAZ-460 and had a chassis from the "Loaf" UAZ-450 with dependent suspension. The second, called UAZ-470, already had an independent torsion bar suspension, inherited from a previously developed amphibian.

UAZ 469B

The first option did not suit the military - the required ground clearance was not achieved in this way, and in terms of performance characteristics such a vehicle was mostly a repetition of the GAZ-69. The customer insisted on the second option, with independent torsion bar suspension ( wishbones plus longitudinal torsion bars) and wheel gearboxes - this machine showed truly unprecedented results off-road.

UAZ 469

However, even here sensitive disadvantages emerged. Firstly, the vehicle provided the declared ground clearance only when unloaded, and when cargo was taken on board, the body sank significantly. Secondly, independent suspension, and therefore a new transmission, required separate production, which the customer did not intend to invest in. And thirdly, a study of foreign analogues revealed other design imperfections: the developers of the American Ford M151 were unable to achieve the desired balance, and on the East German Sachsenring P3, derived from the famous Horch, during comparative tests The front suspension on the left side was completely destroyed after contact with a piece of pipe just lying on the ground.

UAZ 469

So how can one achieve the “indestructibility” and low cost characteristic of an army jeep while maintaining high ground clearance? It was decided to take a step back, using a dependent axle suspension design, leaving kelly gearboxes in the design. That is, sacrifice smoothness, but give a high ground clearance figure. But here, too, pitfalls were discovered: calculations showed that such a car simply could not drive.

UAZ 469B for Ambulance

External gearboxes, generally accepted at that time, made it possible to reduce the size of the crankcase final drive(GP) by 100 mm, because the function of increasing torque is now partly transferred to the wheel gearboxes, and to give an increase in clearance by another 100 mm due to the center-to-center distance of the gears in the gearboxes themselves.

You get exactly the same 400 mm from the road to the GP crankcase, even with a small margin, but... the bending moment in this case will simply tear out the massive U-shaped bridges from their mounting points. And this is only half the problem: the car itself will have too high a center of gravity and, accordingly, a tendency to tip over. It turned out that it is impossible for a car with the given dimensions to be larger than 320 mm.

UAZ 469B

In order to fit the suspension into these values ​​(and there was no other option left), an ingenious solution was found: in wheel gears, move from external gearing to a more compact internal one, when one gear is located inside the other and the center-to-center distance is thus only 60 mm instead of 100 mm . Yes, the ground clearance is only 320 mm, but such a car will be stable and reliable. As a result, the Ministry of Defense approved exactly this option, and the future showed that the compromise was absolutely correct.

UAZ 469B

The suspension scheme was finally approved on November 1, 1960, and in 1961 the first sample of an SUV, called UAZ-469, was assembled. The machine was inherited element base from the second iteration of the “Loaf” UAZ-452: a frame, an overhead valve 75-horsepower engine, which was also installed on the new Volga GAZ-21, and a 4-speed gearbox. Front-wheel drive was designed to be switchable, the transfer case-multiplier was located in the same housing with the gearbox, which distinguished the new jeep from the GAZ-69, where the cardan transmission between the units created most of the noise and vibrations. New axles with internal gearboxes complemented the chassis ideology. The same ones!

Interestingly, in parallel with this, another, although outwardly very similar, prototype was assembled, the UAZ-471, which had monocoque body(!), independent suspension without wheel gears and a promising 4-cylinder V-engine. The engine was approved, but did not go into production, and in general the final choice by the military was made in favor of the time-tested frame architecture.

UAZ 469B

Design, competitors and the long way to the assembly line

And only after this began, in fact, the birth of the UAZ-469 design, which is now known to everyone. At that time it was not called design; there were engineers and their variety - body designers. In its canonical form, the appearance of the UAZ was formed by 1961. It was then that cars were assembled with a hood rounded on the sides, as if covering the headlights, slightly inflated front fenders and characteristic door openings, beveled in the rear.

In 1961, such a car (though still with the “old” UAZ-460 index) in a stylish two-tone orange and white livery was even shown at VDNH - and where, one wonders, did all the military secrecy go?! After all, just a few years ago, only a couple of employees at UAZ were working on this project, sitting in an office behind a locked lattice door with a sign “No entry, call employees!”

UAZ 469B on Elbrus

In the same 1961, the UAZ underwent comparative tests with SUVs from NATO countries. Central Asia, the Pamirs, the Caspian Sea and back along the Volga - this was the route of the race. Tests at the NIII-21 tank test site were listed in a separate line. Eyewitnesses claim that all tests ended in the complete immobilization of competitors. Among the vanquished, both then and subsequently, was the legendary Land Rover Defender. “Def” drowned in Indonesia, got stuck at the NIII-21 training ground, and rolled down the slope of Elbrus not on wheels, but head over heels!.. From the words of the UAZ team, it turns out that our “four hundred and sixty-nine” smashed the venerable “Englishman” completely. However, as often happens, Land Rover fans probably have other comparative test data. :)

Over the next few years, the proportions of the body were slightly refined, an optimal solution was found for the configuration of the radiator grille slots... By the way, in the course of this work an unexpected “by-product” was obtained: the UAZ emblem was born - the same one that we see on Ulyanovsk jeeps to this day day. Among other things, a modification of the vehicle without wheel gears was developed, called UAZ-469B (the letter meant “gearless”). Thanks to this circumstance, UAZs will subsequently be popularly divided into vehicles with “collective farm” and “military” axles. But the introduction of the car into the series was not held back by the listed works.

UAZ 469

According to one version, in those years the Ministry of Automotive Industry allocated funds mainly to the launch and “boosting” of new plants - first VAZ, then KAMAZ, and financed the rest on a residual basis. According to another version, the path of the UAZ-469 to the assembly line was complicated by a shortage of new engines. Be that as it may, pre-production copies were assembled only in 1971, production cars with gearless axles appeared in December 1972, and a car with wheel gears, which was the basic one and was developed first, appeared in the series, oddly enough, only six months later - in the summer of 1973.

Why is the UAZ better than the Lawn?

The distribution on the assembly line was as follows: 20% of all vehicles produced were “military” bridges, 80% were “collective farm” bridges. Initially, a division was also laid down according to the body variant - after assembling the lower part on the conveyor, some bodies were supposed to be equipped with a tent top, and others with a rigid “overlap” as a roof. But the UAZ-469 in all cases was “tailored” for the transportation of both cargo and passengers - 175 mm longer than the GAZ-69A, having an 80 mm larger base, and being 35 mm wider and 57 mm taller than its predecessor , The UAZ allowed us to get by with one “universal” option. There could be 5 passengers in the cabin, and in the rear compartment there could be two more people on folding “chairs” and/or luggage.

UAZ 469B

Yes, the body of the well-deserved "Lawn" in a three-door version made it possible to accommodate one more person, but the total carrying capacity of the new UAZ was at a different height - during testing, the car calmly took on board two people and 600 kg of cargo (or 7 people and 100 kg) and pulled is a GAZ-407 trailer with 850 kg ballast. The power system was the same as in the Lawn - from two fuel tanks, but the consumption per hundred kilometers was reduced by about 2 liters.

A more powerful engine, a spacious interior, improved ergonomics, increased ease of boarding and disembarking, a folding side that served as an extension of the body when transporting long items, and higher technological efficiency of production... Of course, the Lawn successor was not without its shortcomings - for example, the corrosion resistance of the body wasn't too tall, but windshield did not recline, which made shooting difficult - as we remember, the main purpose of this vehicle was military. But the combination of all the qualities made it possible to call the UAZ-469 a new generation car. And so he was a great success.

UAZ 469B

The car was exported to 80 countries around the world (and in the USSR in private hands before perestroika it was sold only for special merits) and was very popular not only in third world countries, but also in Europe. In Italy, the enterprising Martorelli brothers created their own version of the UAZ, in which they won the national autocross championship in 1978, which greatly helped export sales and the image of the UAZ as a whole. In the USSR, the UAZ factory team took first place in autocross 12 times, and in 1974, the “collective farm” UAZ-469B conquered Elbrus, climbing to a height of 4,200 meters... In addition, the car participated in races across the Sahara (1975) and Karakum deserts (1979).

The team of their youth

The most controversial question in the history of the UAZ-469 is “who created it.” The fact is that it is impossible to name one person here, and this is partly due to the specifics of OGK UAZ of those years. In the late 50s, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant was experiencing its rebirth, and the engineering staff had to be created anew, for which several experienced specialists were sent from GAZ, subordinate to several dozen yesterday's students of HADI, MAMI, Gorky and Volgograd Polytechnics, as well as others technical universities in the country.

UAZ 469B

In total, there were about 80 people in the team, each was engaged in their own narrow segment of work and were often transferred by their superiors from project to project (which, by the way, is why it is so difficult to collect information about the creation of a specific UAZ model of those years). However, the team was talented and worked efficiently, completely dispensing with bureaucratic red tape and strict hierarchy (which never happened before or since!), in ten years creating, in essence, the legacy of UAZ, which the factory workers will use in the next half century, and one Believe me, the matter here is not limited to UAZ-469. Nevertheless, several key figures in the fate of the UAZ-469 can and should be identified.

At the time of development of the prototype, the chief designer of the UAZ was Pyotr Ivanovich Muzyukin, and it all started with him. The first prototypes were assembled and designed by Lev Adrianovich Startsev, who later became the chief designer of the plant. Those same bridges with wheel gears, which served as the main stumbling block at the design stage, were developed by Georgy Konstantinovich Mirzovev, the future chief designer of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant. And the design of the car was developed by Mirzoev’s close friend - designer Albert Mikhailovich Rakhmanov, who later headed the UAZ design center, and then worked under the “creative leadership” of Yuli Georgievich Borzov, the leading body designer.

UAZ 469B

The designers of the UAZ-452 van E.V. also contributed. Varchenko, L.A. Startsev, M.P. Tsyganov and S.M. Tyurin, after all, it was “Loaf” that became the “donor” of units for the UAZ-469. In addition, many sources call Ivan Alekseevich Davydov, who was at the origins of the very first “Loaf” UAZ-450, the ideological inspirer of the UAZ jeep. The model was put into serial production in 1972 by Pyotr Ivanovich Zhukov, who at that time took over the post of chief designer. The production was financed by the Ministry of Automotive Industry, headed by Alexander Mikhailovich Tarasov, and the final “go-ahead” for this production, as legend has it, was given by Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, to whom the UAZ team customized the prototype as a car for hunting...

Modernization

In the army, sports and agriculture UAZ very soon became an indispensable assistant. But over time, it required modernization to meet increasingly stringent safety, environmental and ergonomic requirements. An option with an all-metal roof appeared; the engine power was first raised to 80 hp. in the military version (the cooling system became closed), and then they completely changed the engine to a 90-horsepower one on all modifications. Suspension power unit has become softer, the gearbox has become five-speed, the transfer case has become fine-modular and low-noise.

UAZ-315195 "Hunter". Pre-production sample, 2002

Instead of lever shock absorbers, hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers appeared, axles were replaced by reliable continuous ones, the suspension, in terms of the elastic element, first evolved from just a spring to a low-leaf spring, and then completely became a spring. The lighting equipment was modernized, the windshield was made solid, and the windshield wipers were moved to its lower part. A vacuum booster and hydraulic clutch were introduced into the design, more modern suspended pedals, comfortable seats and an efficient heater appeared in the cabin...

In 1985, the model was renamed according to a new standard - the military jeep became known as UAZ-3151 (formerly UAZ-469), the civilian modification of the UAZ-31512 (UAZ-469B), the version with an all-metal roof received the index UAZ-31514, the long-wheelbase version - UAZ-3153 . The active phase of modernization continued until the early 1990s, after which the car plant focused on other developments - the not very successful UAZ-3160 Simbir and the completely viable UAZ Patriot that followed it. By the way, the basis for these developments was the same “four hundred and sixty-nine”.

Final version. To be or not to be?

At the beginning of 2014, it was announced that Hunter had about a year left to live on the assembly line - his departure was planned for 2015. However, in the spring of 2014, reports appeared that before the final parting with the model, the plant would release a limited farewell series of increased comfort and cross-country ability, as well as with a design complemented by laconic but noticeable touches. As we managed to find out, such a version is indeed planned, but the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant itself is indirectly related to the topic, and the development of the car is being carried out by an engineering company brought in from outside.

The full list of innovations in the design of this car looks almost more impressive than everything that happened to the UAZ-469 and its versions during mass production: the climate system of the Russian brand "Frost" (the same company developed air conditioners for the Lada 4x4), fully lowering front windows (previously it was only possible to move part of the glass back), a completely new instrument panel, improved body seals, a “chandelier” with fog lights on the roof, forced locking of the front axle (developed at UAZ) and impressive off-road wheels measuring 245/75 R16 (probable brand - Kumho Mud Terrain).

What stage is the UAZ Hunter Limited Edition project at? Should we wait for real photos of this car and the start of its sales? What are the developers keeping secret? Follow the publications!

UAZ 469

The first sample of the machine, which the factory workers called the “worker”, with official markings GAZ-69 rolled off the assembly line in 1947. In 1948, 3 more cars were assembled at the plant. ...
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UAZ-469

UAZ-469 history photos characteristics.
Years of manufacture: 1972-1985

Serial release UAZ-469 an all-terrain vehicle, was launched at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant in 1973, but production of its basic modification UAZ-469B was launched earlier. The basic version was replaced by the produced UAZ-69-68 (an eight-seater car, with two doors and a tailgate) in December 1972. The start of this production was preceded by a huge volume and duration of work on the design and testing of prototypes.

photo of UAZ-69-68

The designed SUV had to fully comply with existing and future requirements for the greatest efficiency in replacing the GAZ-69 currently in production. Developed and put on the production line by GAZ back in 1952. Already on the UAZ assembly line, the GAZ-69 was repeatedly improved. However, over time, this machine ceased to meet modern requirements and exhausted its reserves for modernization.
Of course, to meet such requirements, it would be advisable to prepare two or more types of cars on a common base, but there should be one car and it should transport cargo or people equally well. And if you think about it, these requirements were the most correct, since they stimulated the work of designers to find the most effective solutions with limited capabilities.

The first UAZ-469 1972.

The first UAZ-469 rolled off the Ulyanovsk automobile plant assembly line on December 15, 1972. They completely replaced GAZ (UAZ)-69. The well-proven GAZ-21 Volga, known for its reliability and structural safety margin, was largely used as an aggregate base.

photo of UAZ-469

Under the designation UAZ-469, the car was produced until 1985, after which, in accordance with the 1966 industry system, it received the four-digit number 3151 (the civilian modification 469B received the number 31512).
In August 1974, three completely standard (without winches and traction chains) UAZ-469 vehicles reached a glacier on Mount Elbrus during a test run.
Requirements of the main customer (ARMY) for a car with the specific features of an SUV, basic modification. A vehicle for the military had to have high ground clearance for better cross-country ability, had to have a pre-heater, shielded electrical equipment with noise suppressors in electrical circuits, sealed headlights and other differences.
Design features military modification, when used in peacetime, vehicles must be extremely unified for the conditions of mobilization in wartime. Therefore there was a modification UAZ-469BG- medical option. When folding rear seats and the transformation of the rear platform into a cargo area, it became possible to transport the wounded on a standard ambulance stretcher, fastened to special brackets on the rear side and the handrail of the front passenger seat.

The interior space of the body of the UAZ-469 SUV has become much more spacious compared to the GAZ-69. Boarding and disembarking has become much more convenient. The battery was moved from the habitable space of the cabin to the engine compartment. The engine compartment also became much more spacious, which ensured good accessibility to the engine and other components located there. Accordingly, simplifying and speeding up inspection, maintenance and repairs.

photo of instrument and control panel of UAZ-469

Steering wheel 1 is located on the left side. Button 2 is located in the center of the steering wheel sound signal. On the right side of the steering column there is handle 3 for the turn signal switch. The handle automatically returns to the neutral position when the steering wheel is turned in the opposite direction (the vehicle is moving in a straight line). An internal rear view mirror 4 is installed on the central pillar of the wind frame.

An electric windshield wiper 5 is installed in the upper part of the wind frame. Instrument panel 6 is located to the right of the driver. There are two sun visors 7 on the wind frame. To clean the windshield, two wiper blades 8 are installed. And in the lower part of the wind frame there are two pipes 9 for blowing the windshield. The wind frame has two locks 10. On the UAZ-469 drawing, to the right of the driver on the front panel there is a passenger handrail 11. There is also a lantern 12 under it. To the right of the driver, under the front panel, there is a handle 13 for the ventilation and heating hatch.

The hatch damper is opened by pulling the handle towards you. The heater has adjustable dampers 14 for supplying warm air to the feet of the driver and passenger. To the right of the driver is the lever 15 for engaging the front drive axle. According to the UAZ-469 instructions, the front drive axle is engaged when the lever is in the forward position. There is a cover 16 on the heater in the middle part; it allows warm air to enter the passenger compartment. The transfer case control lever 17 is also located there, which can occupy three positions: forward position (along the direction of the car) - direct transmission is engaged; middle position - neutral; rear position - downshift is engaged. Next to the driver there is a gear shift lever 18, on the handle of which there is a gear shift diagram. Diagram of gear lever positions and transfer case shown in the following diagram.

position of the UAZ-469 gearbox levers

Body and design of UAZ-469

The car body is mounted on a durable and torsionally rigid spar frame. To increase ground clearance (clearance) to 300 mm and expand the power range of the transmission, axles with reduced main gear housings and final drives were used, in which reduction gears were installed (but not on the civilian version).
In 1980, the external lighting equipment on UAZs was changed. The direction indicators at the front and rear received orange lenses, and a turn indicator repeater appeared on the side of the hood. At the same time, hydraulic telescopic parts were introduced into the suspension design. shock absorbers instead of lever ones. Since 1983, the car has been installed engine, models 414, 77 hp. A year later, an expansion tank and a sealed plug appeared in the cooling system.

Engine UAZ-469

photo of the engine compartment of UAZ-469

The most common UAZ-469 engine is the UMZ-417, as well as its various modifications. This engine is an in-line four-cylinder with a volume of 2.5 liters and a power of 75 hp. It has a forced fuel supply system and a closed liquid cooling system with forced circulation. Fuel consumption is 16 liters per 100 km.
Civilian models are usually equipped with UMZ-4178, and military ones - UMZ-4179, which is additionally equipped with a sensor distributor, shielded high-voltage wiring and has a special place for the motor heater.

The cylinder block and the upper part of the crankcase are made as a single whole and made of high-strength aluminum alloy. The cylinders themselves are cast from gray cast iron and made with easily removable wet liners. In the upper part of the sleeve there is an insert made of acid-based cast iron, which significantly increases the wear resistance of this element.
The cylinder head is made common to all cylinders and is also made of aluminum alloy. In the middle of the head there are combustion chambers, valve seats and guide bushings. On the left are the openings for the spark plugs and pushrods, on the right are the exhaust and inlet channels, which are made separately for each of the cylinders.
The pistons are made of aluminum alloy and have three grooves, of which the top two are used for mounting compression rings, and the bottom is intended for installing oil removable ring.
The crankshaft is five-bearing, made of magnesium cast iron. The front end is sealed with a self-clamping rubber seal, which is pressed into the timing gear cover.

photo of UAZ-469 Commandant's office

photo of UAZ-469 front

photo of UAZ-469 front

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