Lectures for parents about terrorism and extremism. “Prevention of terrorism and extremism” material on the topic. Social project “information and psychological counteraction to terrorism”
Lesson objectives:
Cognitive:
To intensify the mental activity of students in understanding the role of extremism and terrorism in modern life of society and determine the extent of the danger of these phenomena for human life;
Expand children's understanding of youth subculture;
Educational:
Promote the development of logical thinking, attention and independence;
To promote the development of a critical attitude to the perception of various types of information;
Educational:
Contribute to the formation of an irreconcilable attitude towards manifestations of extremism and terrorism;
To form a critical attitude towards fashionable youth movements that have an extremist orientation;
Contribute to the formation of sociocultural and civic identity of students.
Lesson objectives:
determine the causes and goals of extremism and terrorism;
to instill a sense of responsibility in students for the fate of humanity.
student workbooks;
text of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Combating Terrorism”, text of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation;
global problems of our time, terror, terrorism, extremism, youth subculture.
Lesson Plan
Organizing time.
Studying a new lesson topic.
Group work with the text of documents.
Summarizing.
Teacher's mini-lecture:
The media tell us about terrorist attacks. Terrorism has long ago turned from an abstract concept into a real nightmare, the threat of which faces all of humanity. Today, terrorism is a factor of global significance that any government has to reckon with, both internally and foreign policy. Terrorism as a socio-political phenomenon is far from young. Its history goes back at least a century and a half.
In recent decades, the entire Russian society has been faced with a challenge from the ideology and practice of extremism. A particular danger is posed by the fact that extremist ideology actively uses the most accessible channels for conveying information to young people and easily penetrates the youth subculture, offering fairly simple and “radical” solutions to achieve goals through extreme measures of destruction or neutralization of everything “alien.” Unfortunately, there are increasingly cases of crimes committed by young people that are classified as extremist.
We will try to understand the causes and origins of extremism and try to find a solution to this global problem of humanity.
Brainstorm:
Why do you think extremist sentiments are actively developing among young people today?
Stage 1. The notebooks record the reasons why, in the students’ opinion, Are extremist sentiments actively developing among young people? You have 5 minutes to complete this task.
Stage 2 The work consists in the fact that all the reasons that students have identified are written on the board (without repetition or criticism, see “Rules for Brainstorming”).
Stage 3 work, a hierarchy of reasons is built from the most important to the least in the opinion of students (Appendix 1.).
Summing up summary by the teacher about the importance of preventing extremist sentiments among young people. It is young people who represent a risk group prone to aggressive extremist actions. Due to their age, young people are characterized by such psychological characteristics as: maximalism and nihilism, radicalism and intolerance, recklessness and intransigence, a tendency towards groupism, ideological instability and failures in the search for self-identity, which, under certain living conditions and the presence of a nurturing environment, can act as a trigger the mechanism of their antisocial activity.
Formation of basic concepts.
On the eve of the lesson, all students are given a proactive task to find in the reference literature a definition of the concepts “extremism”, “terrorism”, “terror”. During the lesson, these definitions must be heard and compared, highlighting the essential features. It is advisable to record some concepts in notebooks. Based on the analysis, select several working concepts for further study of the problem.
Extremism(from Latin extremus - extreme) is translated as commitment to extreme views and radical measures.
Extremist sentiments of young people- this is a reflection of the need to take risky actions, to fight for justice in their understanding, as well as for the “purity” of their nation.
Terrorism is considered as the use of violence or the threat of its use against individuals, groups of individuals or various objects in order to achieve political, economic, ideological and other results beneficial to terrorists.
Terrorism- This is an extreme form of extremism.
Terrorism – this is violence carried out by opposition groups.
Terror ( from lat. “Terror” - fear, horror) – this is a policy of repression by the state, relying on the power of its security institutions .
Terrorism – there is motivated violence with political goals (B. Crozier, director of the London Institute for the Study of Conflict).
Terrorism– This is the use of non-state violence or the threat of violence with the aim of causing panic in society, weakening the situation and even overthrowing officials and causing political changes in society” (Walter Lacker, foreign expert).
Terrorism – this is a tactic of political struggle, characterized by the systematic use of violence, expressed in murders, sabotage, sabotage, kidnappings and other actions that pose a threat to the life and safety of people” (E.P. Kozhushko).
Students do conclusions that extremism as a complex and heterogeneous socio-cultural phenomenon, it is defined as a commitment to extreme measures and views that reject existing social norms or a focus on their radical transformation, that weapons of terror are repressions, weapons of terrorism - terrorist attack. In the name of achieving certain political, religious, socio-economic goals, terrorists use violent methods.
Discussion: The youth subculture is a springboard for the development of extremism.
To conduct a discussion, students are asked to take one of the following positions.
Yes, I agree
I agree, but with reservations
I don't agree
I don't know, I'm undecided
After the participants have determined their position, each group is invited to defend its thesis using different facts and arguments in defense of its thesis.
When summing up the discussion, use approaches to defining youth subculture (Appendix 2.).
Group work with document text
At this stage of the lesson, group work of students is organized with the text of the Federal Law “On Combating Terrorism” (dated March 6, 2006) and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The texts of the documents are prepared in advance for the participants of each working group. While working with the text, students make the necessary notes in their notebooks. Students may be offered the following tasks:
Assignment for the first group. Working with the text of the Federal Law, define the concepts, legal basis and basic principles of countering terrorism in the Russian Federation. Based on the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, name crimes of a terrorist nature.
Assignment for the second group. Define organizational foundations counter-terrorism, goals, entities carrying out these activities, their competence and functions.
Assignment for the third group. Show how the counter-terrorism operation is carried out, who controls it, what forces and means are involved for this, how the legal regime is implemented in the area of the operation, and negotiations with terrorists.
Assignment for the fourth group. Determine how compensation for harm caused as a result of a terrorist act is carried out, social rehabilitation of victims, their legal and social protection, and the responsibility of organizations for involvement in terrorism.
At the end of the discussion, the groups are offered whatman paper and markers for a graphic presentation of the results of the work.
At the end of the work, the participants announce the results, exchange the information received, and draw conclusions.
Development and protection of projects
At the final stage of the second lesson, each group is offered the development of projects “The role and capabilities of youth subcultures in the formation of the anti-extremist ideology of young people.”
Group "Theoreticians" presents a research project, the final product of which may be directories “The main youth subcultures of the southern region”, etc.
Group "Press Center" presents a creative project in the form of a special issue of school computer science h eta, dedicated to the problem of preventing extremism and terrorism in the modern world.
Group "Politicians" carries out the presentation of applied projects in the form of rules of conduct for schoolchildren, the Program of the youth organization “Youth against terrorism”.
Group "Psychologists" carries out presentation of applied projects in the form of a program of psychological and pedagogical support for youth, protection of the main directions of support.
Materials for project development: Internet resources, applications 1-3.
This stage of the lesson is devoted to the presentation of group projects of students. In advance (1-2 weeks in advance), the formed groups select the topic and type of projects, think through the sources of information collection, options for designing the work, and the form of presentation of the project.
After defending the projects, the teacher ends the lesson and gives homework.
Annex 1.
Reasons for the development of extremism among young people
Age characteristics of young people and features of the conditions for their development. Uncertainty of social status, marginality of social positions, psychophysiological changes that accompany the growing up of a young person, the processes of personality development make young people vulnerable to various forms of discrimination. First of all we're talking about about age discrimination, when boys and girls feel restrictions on their rights in various areas.
Instability of desires, unclear goals, intolerance of dissent and the impulsiveness characteristic of young people constitute the specificity of adolescence. Such features alienate a young person from his parents and other adults and force him to take steps towards finding others like himself. Young people are united in groups homogeneous in age and social class, in which their typical needs for leisure, communication, and grouping are satisfied.
Associations of young people naturally develop their own cultural norms and attitudes, cultivate unique values, and generate generational factors that can become the basis of the psychological opposition between “us” and “them”».
Firstly, terrorism and extremism manifest themselves in societies that have embarked on the path of transformation, drastic social changes, or in modern postmodern societies with pronounced polarization of the population along ethnosocial lines. Marginal and immobile groups of the population become participants in terrorist actions.
Secondly, social contrasts, a sharp stratification of society into poor and rich, and not just poverty or low level socio-economic status provoke aggression and create the ground for terrorism.
Third, manifestations of extremism are growing in initial periods social modernization. At the final stages of successful changes, manifestations of extremism and terrorism decline sharply.
Fourthly, unfinished urbanization, specific forms of industrialization, changes in the ethno-demographic structure of society, especially unregulated migration, give rise to extremism and intolerance in society.
Fifthly, the predominance of authoritarian regimes plays an important role in the spread of ethnic and religious extremism and terrorism in the Islamic world political regimes. They provoke violence as a form of resolving political contradictions and give it the character of a cultural norm.
Appendix 2.
youth subculture- this is the culture of a certain young generation that has a common lifestyle, behavior, group norms, values and stereotypes. Youth subcultures can be defined as a system of meanings, means of expression, and lifestyles. Created by groups of youth, subcultures reflect attempts to resolve contradictions associated with a broader social context. Subcultures are not some kind of foreign formation; on the contrary, they are deeply accelerated in the general socio-cultural context.
Under subculture small cultural worlds are understood - a system of values, attitudes, ways of behavior and lifestyle that is inherent in a smaller social community, spatially and socially isolated to a greater or lesser extent. At the same time, subcultural attributes, values, rituals and other stable patterns of behavior, as a rule, differ from the values and patterns of behavior in the dominant culture, although they are closely related to them.
On the one side, youth subculture- this is the active desire of young people for self-realization, self-affirmation, on the other side– is a kind of spontaneous protest against the dominant values and stereotypes of behavior in society, as well as lifestyle, from the third party– for most young people, the subculture becomes a psychological defense against numerous problems and transformations that are incomprehensible to them. The definition of youth subculture given by S.I. can be considered the most comprehensive and most appropriate. Levikova.
Appendix 3.
The most important life plans of young people are connected with life-meaning orientations. Meaningful orientations in life are influenced by the value system that dominates in the immediate environment. And the closest circle of a young person are those young people who are carriers of a special culture, a subculture of modern youth. The success of constructing psychological and pedagogical influence and psychological and pedagogical support for young people depends on how well the issues of social and existential meanings of the youth subculture are studied, the features of the structure of the value-semantic sphere of youth, as well as possible deformations of life-meaning orientations.
Young people in the conditions of Russian modernization are forced to “try on” existing standards of behavior and proclaimed spiritual values. The formation of life-meaning orientations and moral preferences is quite complex; it cannot be limited to declarations and volitional decisions; this process occurs against the backdrop of existing traditions and against the backdrop of innovation.
Modern youth have different value orientations and we can talk about their mobility, the dependence of the dynamics of value orientations of boys and girls on the level of their socialization, on a number of external factors. In such ambiguity, diverse life positions are realized. Some young people manage to adapt successfully, while others find it very difficult to self-determinate and choose their path.
The need to provide psychological and pedagogical influence and psychological and pedagogical support to young people is relevant for a number of circumstances. First of all, it should be said that young people are the most important demographic group on which the future of Russian society depends. And the development of a young man’s personality occurs against the backdrop of increasingly complex social, economic, and political conditions, which cannot but leave their mark on the value system and moral norms. The most important life plans of young people are related to their life orientations.
The representation in the minds of a young person of the need to expend the energy and abilities of young people in areas of activity needed by society and the subsequent changes in behavior style are all the more real, the more the conditions for providing psychological and pedagogical influence and psychological and pedagogical support are thought out.
In particular, in our opinion, the creation of formal (official) youth associations will contribute to the adequate psychological and pedagogical education of youth, which will be expressed in the formation of an adequate value-semantic sphere and directing the potential of youth in the right direction for society.
Unfortunately, it should be noted that today there are almost no organizations, or there are, but in very small numbers, organizations that would be able to purposefully, systematically and in optimal ways solve the problems of spiritual and moral education of young people. The ideal of success and prosperity is increasingly emerging in society; the behavior of young people that does not fit into stereotypes, and the peculiarities of their youth culture irritate the adult generation. But if, instead of irritation, indignation, psychologists, teachers, parents and all those representatives of the older generation who directly have a conscious or unconscious influence on young people, begin to show patience, love, and join their efforts, then it is possible to organize comprehensive psychological and pedagogical work with young men and women . It is necessary to create a model of pedagogical interaction between teachers and parents at the stage of schooling in order to mutually influence the educational institution and the family on each other.
All work on psychological and pedagogical support, undoubtedly, should be based on a systematic approach, in the logic of which the process of supporting young people can be carried out at various levels of interaction between the state, society and specific organizations and institutions.
Psychological and pedagogical influence should be directed towards: the formation of a system of values among young people that would allow them to develop promising life positions and strategies in their professional, cognitive, and social activities;
the formation of a culture of thinking - spiritual education, characterizing the measure of social development and a sense of responsibility;
integrative values, the penetration of which will form a lifestyle that will provide guaranteed reliability in various fields of activity and will benefit the society of which the young person is a member.
It would be possible to highlight a number of areas for psychological and pedagogical influence and psychological and pedagogical support for young people:
social and pedagogical direction, which involves the implementation of a system of educational and pedagogical activities addressed to various layers of modern youth;
programmatic and structural direction, including the organization of joint activities of young people;
economic direction, which would include identifying objects and sources of material incentives and financing for youth organizations, sports clubs, etc.;
an innovative direction, which, instead of the usual pedagogical education in an edifying form, moves to a model of the development of active moral consciousness, the formation of value and life-meaning orientations.
Bashkatov I.P. Psychology of informal adolescent and youth groups. M., 2000.
The concept of countering terrorism in Russian Federation.
Levikova S.I. Place in the value system of youth culture // Social sciences and modernity. 2001. No. 4.
Sergeev S.A. Youth subcultures in the republic // Sociological studies. 1998. No. 11.
Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Countering Terrorism”
Khrienko T.V. Dynamics of spiritual values of modern youth // Sotsial-humanitarian. knowledge. 2005. No. 1.
Chuprov V.I., Zubok Yu.A., Williams K. Youth in a risk society. M., 2001.
Section 7. Sample of propaganda material“Plan-development of a lesson on life safety (grade 11)”-2
Lesson topic: The role of the media in the formation of anti-extremist attitudes among high school students.
Lesson objectives:
Show the possibilities and role of the media in countering the ideology of extremism and terrorism.
Lesson objectives:
deepen students' knowledge about global problems of our time;
determine the role of the media in the life of a modern person;
determine the opportunities and dangers of the media in shaping the attitudes and worldview of young people;
search for ways to solve this problem;
promote the development of a critical attitude to the perception of various types of information;
improve skills in working with reference, political, and legal literature, develop students’ critical thinking;
continue to develop the skills to work in groups, present and defend one’s own position, and present the project;
instill a sense of responsibility in students for their future.
student workbooks;
a computer and a multimedia projector for demonstrating student presentation projects;
texts describing forms of media activity;
specially designed chalkboard.
Media, ideology of extremism and terrorism, anti-extremist attitudes, critical thinking.
Lesson Plan
Organizing time.
Motivating students for learning activities. Goal setting.
Updating students' ideas about the problem.
Generalization and systematization of basic knowledge.
Learning a new lesson topic
Formation of basic concepts.
Group work with texts.
Presentation of student projects.
Summarizing.
Lecture: “Prevention of extremism among young people” Extremism is an evil against humanity The safety of a person’s life largely depends on his worldview, on who he sees as his like-minded people. It is very dangerous not to understand that opposing yourself and your views to the world around you can provoke unfavorable and even dangerous life situations. “Terrorism”, “terrorists”, “extremism” are words that appear almost daily in the media, generating concern and fear of our citizens for their present and future, for their rights and freedoms, which are guaranteed to us by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Extremism and terrorism in all forms of their manifestations have become one of the most dangerous problems with which humanity entered the 21st century. Terrorism poses a real threat to the national security of the country: kidnappings, hostage-taking, aircraft hijackings, bomb explosions, acts of violence in ethno-confessional conflicts, direct threats of their implementation, etc. Therefore, the problem of countering terrorism and extremism in the Russian Federation is one of the most important tasks of ensuring security at the state level. Over the past decade, major terrorist acts in our country have been the explosions of residential buildings in Moscow and Volgodonsk, an explosion during a parade in Kaspiysk on May 9, and the seizure of the theater on Dubrovka during the performance of “Nord-Ost”. September 2004. For two days, teachers, students, and their parents - more than 1,200 people in total - were held in the gym of school No. 1 in the city of Beslan (Republic of North Ossetia). The explosion killed 331 people, including 172 children. 559 people were injured. These are truly terrible pages of our history... A significant problem today is extremism, which is attracting more and more young people, especially those between the ages of 14 and 18. Extremists radically deny the norms and rules existing in society through a set of violent manifestations committed by individuals and specially organized groups and communities. This is a complex and heterogeneous form of expression of hatred and enmity. Often permitted mass protest demonstrations develop into hooliganism and riots, attacks on citizens and are accompanied by calls for violence - these are already illegal actions that, based on the degree of public danger, can be classified as criminal. Recently, most terrorist attacks occur under the slogan “death for the sake of salvation.” Today religion is used for evil, for destruction, to achieve chaos in the world. Humanity has forgotten about the principles of humanism, justice, kindness, and has forgotten about the essence of faith. The concept of “Islamism” appeared in the last century. It is traditionally believed that Islam is a religion of peace, goodness, and moral improvement, and Islamism is radical Islam, which from a purely spiritual and religious teaching has turned into a political totalitarian ideology. Adherents of Islamism are called Islamists. Islamists want to organize the life of the entire society according to Sharia law, that is, according to the laws of Islam written in the Koran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. They want to make private rules for Muslim believers mandatory for all people, to turn religious laws into national laws. This means: denial of equality between men and women, freedom of conscience, secular justice, universal literacy, the establishment of strict standards of dress and behavior, etc. Islamism means fundamentalism, as a return to the extremely conservative traditions of the past, a sharp and hostile rejection of modern wide boundaries of social norms . But most importantly, Islamists are aimed at the forceful expansion of Islam beyond the borders of their countries and believe that it is necessary to wage a holy war against the infidels - jihad. Most of the terrorist attacks in recent decades are the activities of Islamists. It is clear that behavior motivated by such ideas has a strong orientation aimed at in this case against persons of a different nationality or religion. Mixed in here is hatred of the existing government, which, according to extremists, condones the activities of the “culprits” of all Russian troubles, which leads to an even wider spread of extremist ideas. It is these ideas that become the foundation for the formation of informal extremist youth groups. The system of views imposed by extremists is attractive due to the simplicity and unambiguity of its rules, promises of the opportunity to immediately, right away, see the result of their albeit aggressive actions. Extremism and one of its most dangerous forms - terrorism - are changing rapidly and using increasingly destructive methods. Extremists act outside any moral framework and morality, and often turn their criminal activities into business. Therefore, at present we can talk about the economic basis of extremism and terrorism. Confirmation is provided by video recordings of the terrorist acts themselves, religious killings and their consequences, which in turn are a report to the customer for the funds provided. In the territory modern Russia international extremist groups that promote Islamism carry out illegal activities. This militant ideology is preached mainly through individuals who have been trained in certain Arab countries. The identified problem concerns not only the North Caucasus, but also the entire territory of the Russian Federation. I would like to note the not always positive role of the media in the formation of mass consciousness. The flow of information contains a variety of information about extreme events and terrorist attacks. At the same time, on the Internet you can come across various prohibited methods of influencing the human psyche. Associated with this is the danger of young people being drawn into extremist activities. At the same time, people professing extreme views make acquaintances on social networks under the pretext of interest in organizing their personal lives. Then, in the process of communication, extremist ideology and alien religious views are imposed. As a result, this leads to abandonment of family, friends, changes in behavior, and habits. Parents and government agencies are perceived as enemies. Yes, gr. Kh., a resident of the Republic of Tatarstan, met minor B. on a social network, and for 3 months corresponded with her, and came several times to meet in the city where the girl lived. During the next meeting, they, secretly from the minor’s parents, purchased tickets and left in the direction of one of the republics of the North Caucasus. Subsequently, it was established that the promise to marry concealed the intention of the gr. X. sell a minor into slavery in an Arab country. In connection with the problem of the spread of extremism and terrorism, the ambiguity of informal youth associations should be noted. According to official statistics, the majority of members of these associations in Russia are high school students, students of professional educational organizations, and unemployed teenagers. As practice shows, it is minors who willingly support various emerging movements and subcultures (emo, punks, goths, skins, etc.). Belonging to one of the groups, according to the minors themselves, increases self-esteem, helps them feel independent, and, at the same time, needed by someone. When joining such movements, schoolchildren are often guided by its influence among their peers, rarely thinking about the fact that some ideas promoted by supporters of this movement run counter to universal human values. For example, the skinhead movement, which has gained strength, preaches Nazi ideology. Their activities are directed against non-Russians and visitors and are associated with violations public order, battery, grievous bodily harm, murder. Unfortunately, in modern Russia more and more young people are influenced by sects. A sect is a religious organization or group of people who are focused on their own interests that do not coincide with the interests of society, are indifferent or contradict them. What is the danger of sects? The fact is that the main goal of the sect is to transform its members into obedient and servile people who can be easily controlled and subjected to any kind of exploitation in order to obtain the necessary benefits. Therefore, in sects, people lose their health, property, money, and most importantly, the ability to live independently in society. Most sectarian communities committed to the so-called “natural” life force their followers to adhere to a strict diet and reject medical help. This is the sect “Jehovah's Witnesses”. For example, in St. Petersburg, a 3-year-old boy died in one of the hospitals because... his Jehovah's Witness mother refused to give the child a life-saving blood transfusion. To recruit new members of the sect and further guide them, deception, hypnosis, coding techniques and other means of mind control are used. Sectarians prefer to work with school-age children whose psyches have not yet formed and who are easy prey. Children are invited to come to an interesting conversation, and after just a few heart-to-heart conversations, they develop a state close to drug addiction. It is extremely difficult to get out of the sect, because... consciousness is completely closed from critical perception of the world. So, if someone approaches you, inviting you to come to an interesting unusual lecture or seminar, promising you any benefits (salary, study abroad, etc.), never give out your phone number, address, and exercise reasonable caution , do not give in to curiosity at the expense of common sense. Remember that almost all sects have a long history of breaking laws, litigation, high-profile scandals, and destruction of destinies. As we see, extremism has many faces and diversity. Modern terrorism knows no spatial boundaries. Therefore, the correct attitude to perceived information, the ability to analyze it and have an idea of the mechanisms and consequences of influence on the individual are of great importance. One-sided or distorted information, which is transmitted including via the Internet, often has great strength propaganda indoctrination and, undoubtedly, needs comprehension and critical evaluation. That is why it is necessary to master media literacy and learn to analyze information, be aware of the mechanisms of manipulative influence and be able to defend one’s own point of view. In addition, one should cultivate tolerance as an active moral position and psychological readiness for tolerance in the name of positive interaction with people of a different cultural, national, religious or social environment.
Over the past three years, “lessons of tolerance” and lessons on the prevention of extremism have begun to be taught in Moscow schools. These classes are designed to teach tolerance towards representatives of other cultures and traditions, as well as to warn children against being drawn into the ranks of extremist-minded youth.Students of the Institute of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Sciences conduct similar lessons as practical classes in schools in the Central Administrative District of the capital.
We present to your attention a lesson plan, which is taken as the pedagogical basis for conducting such classes.
Lesson plan on preventing extremism.
"Extremism and patriotism."
Lesson objectives:
- to form in students an idea of extremism as one of the pressing problems of modern society;
- to form in students an idea of the responsibility provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation for extremist activities.
Lesson objectives:
- familiarize students with the concepts of “tolerance”, “patriotism” and “extremism”;
- show with examples the destructive consequences of extremist activities;
- determine the main differences between actions dictated by patriotic feelings and manifestations of an extremist orientation;
- familiarize students with the concepts of administrative and criminal liability;
- provide students with information about the responsibility provided for in the articles of the administrative and criminal codes of the Russian Federation for extremist activities (with an analysis of specific situations).
During the classes.
1. Introduction.
You and I are citizens of the same state - the Russian Federation. You all know very well that people of many different nationalities and religions live in our country. Unfortunately, every year in our country the number of young people who, hiding behind patriotic ideas, incite hostility between representatives of different nationalities, increases.
Therefore, today we will talk about how patriotism differs from extremism, the destructive consequences of manifestations of extremism, and how to learn to be tolerant and tolerant of each other.
2. Tolerance
Students are shown photographs from which they must guess the character traits of a particular person. Students' answers are discussed and then facts about these people are shared. Discrepancies are analyzed and a conclusion is drawn that the first opinion about a person may be completely wrong.
What do you think tolerance is? How many of you can try to define this concept or list some of its characteristics? (students’ answers are listened to and written on the board, a discussion is held and the results are summed up).
Tolerance (from Latin tolerantia - patience) is a sociological term denoting tolerance for someone else's lifestyle, behavior, customs, feelings, opinions, ideas, beliefs.
In many languages, the concept of “tolerance” is a kind of synonym for “tolerance”: Latin - tolerantia; English - tolerance; German - toleranz; French - tolerance. In addition, all dictionaries of the 20th century clearly indicate a direct interpretation of tolerance as tolerance.
Dictionaries of the 20th century define “tolerance” as tolerance for someone else’s way of life, behavior, other people’s customs, feelings, beliefs, opinions, ideas, or simply call “tolerance” a synonym for the concept of “tolerance”. The Brockhaus and Efron dictionary reduces tolerance mainly to religious tolerance.
The word “tolerance” is present in almost all dictionaries of the Russian language. In particular, V.I. Dahl’s dictionary interprets “tolerance” as the ability to endure something only out of mercy or leniency.
The concept of “tolerance” was introduced into scientific circulation in the 18th century. In Russia, the concept of tolerance began to be used in the liberal press from the mid-19th century, but from the mid-30s of the 20th century it disappeared from political vocabulary until it reappeared in the early 90s of the 20th century.
In contrast to “tolerance” (to endure - “without opposing, without complaining, to endure without complaint, to endure something disastrous, difficult, unpleasant”), tolerance (in modern language the word came from English. Tolerance) is the willingness to kindly acknowledge and accept the behavior, beliefs and views of other people that differ from one’s own. Moreover, even in the case when these beliefs or views are not shared or approved by you.
3. The concept of “extremism”
Lack of tolerance in people often leads to negative consequences: the inability to recognize and accept what is different easily develops into hostility and can ultimately take on truly destructive proportions.
Show slides reflecting the destructive consequences of extremist manifestations and their discussion.
What do you think extremism is? How many of you can try to define it or list some of its characteristics? (students’ answers are listened to and written on the board, a discussion is held and the results are summed up).
Extremism (from French extremisme, from Latin extremus - extreme) is a commitment to extreme views and, in particular, measures (usually in politics). Among such measures one can note the organization of riots, civil disobedience, terrorist acts, and methods of guerrilla warfare. The most radical extremists often deny in principle any compromises, negotiations, or agreements. The growth of extremism is usually facilitated by: socio-economic crises, a sharp drop in the living standards of the bulk of the population. In such situations, extreme measures may become for some individuals and organizations the only opportunity to really influence the situation, especially if a revolutionary situation develops or the state is engulfed in a long-term civil war— we can talk about “forced extremism.”
Extremism is a commitment to extreme views and measures.
Extremist acts can be defined more precisely based on two main criteria:
a) they are not only used as a direct way to achieve political, ideological and social goals, but are also an instrument of publicity and intimidation;
b) they are aimed at causing harm not to the direct enemy, but to other people.
The primary goal of extremist acts is not direct physical harm, but their psychological impact in terms of attracting public attention and undermining the authority of the state in ensuring the safety of its citizens.
Political extremism should be understood as political activity, which is expressed in the desire of politically active individuals, public to realize their political ideals by all available means, including forms of violent influence aimed at state power, society as a whole or any of its elements. Extremism penetrates into all areas of public life:
Economic extremism. Aimed at the destruction of diversity and the establishment of any one form of ownership, uniform methods of farming, etc.
Nationalist (national) extremism. Finds expression in inciting enmity and hatred between nations and nationalities.
Extremism in the field of culture. Focused on isolationism, rejection of experience, achievements of other cultures, manifested in the promotion of violence, cruelty, and destruction of historical monuments.
Environmental extremism. Opposes scientific and technological progress in general, believing that the elimination of environmentally unfavorable industries is the only possible way to improve the quality of the environment.
4. The concept of “patriotism”
We have already said that in our time there are people who, hiding behind patriotic ideas, incite hostility between representatives of different nationalities.
What do you think patriotism is? How many of you can try to define it or list some of its characteristics? (students’ answers are listened to and written on the board, a discussion is held and the results are summed up).
Patriotism is love for the Fatherland, arising from the consciousness of the solidarity of interests of citizens of a given state or members of a given nation. Feelings of attachment to the homeland and native people, imbued with an enlightened understanding of the mental and moral needs of the people, are the basis of cultural social life; but the same feelings, saturated with dark prejudices and hostility towards other peoples, degenerate into narrow nationalism and demoralizing chauvinism.
How is Patriotism expressed?
Maturity of character, peacemaking, love for the Motherland and people, empathy and self-sacrifice.
- A strong, prosperous family, raising children to be worthy Citizens of the country.
- Professional and creative contribution to the constructive development of culture, economy, sports, healthcare, politics, education of the country.
- Quality of character and actions worthy of universal respect form the basis of patriotism
Thus, we have found out how patriotism differs from extremism. Remember the main thing:
Patriotism is love for the country, and extremism is hatred of people. Therefore, a true patriot will never become an extremist.
5. Administrative and criminal liability for manifestations of extremism
In December 2010, a series of mass rallies and street clashes between indigenous residents and immigrants from the Caucasian republics in Russian cities took place in Moscow, following the murder of football fan Yegor Sviridov in Moscow. The young man died during a fight that occurred on December 6, 2010 between a group of fans of FC Spartak Moscow and a group of people from the North Caucasus. The actions of law enforcement agencies during the murder investigation were perceived in society as covering up the suspects, which provoked protests.
You all remember that the most massive in this series was the unauthorized rally on Manezhnaya Square. As a result, more than 60 people were brought to administrative responsibility and about 10 to criminal liability.
What laws were violated by those who came out to Manezhnaya Square that day and by those who participated in further rallies on Europe Square, near Kievsky Station and others? What articles provide liability for these crimes?
Firstly, this is hooliganism. Moreover, administrative liability is provided for petty hooliganism. For more serious cases - criminal charges.
Let's first understand what petty hooliganism is.
According to Art. 20.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, petty hooliganism is a violation of public order that expresses clear disrespect for society. It could be:
- obscene language in public places;
- offensive harassment of citizens;
- destruction or damage to someone else's property.
All these actions entail:
- or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 500 to 1000 rubles. The fine can be increased to 2,500 rubles if hooliganism was accompanied by disobedience to the legal demand of a government representative.
- or administrative arrest for up to fifteen days.
But if hooliganism is committed with the use of weapons or motivated by political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred, then this is already considered a crime and, according to Art. 213 of the Criminal Code entails more severe liability in the form of:
- compulsory work for a period of 180 to 240 hours
- or correctional labor for a period of one to two years;
- or imprisonment for a term of up to five years.
Secondly, an administrative offense is
propaganda and public display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols, provided for in Art. 20.3 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Nazi paraphernalia and symbols may include banners, badges, uniform attributes, other distinctive signs, greetings and welcoming gestures.
This ban is due to the fact that it insults the memory of the victims of the Great Patriotic War.
Thus, if a person not only came to participate in a rally, but also dressed appropriately or used Nazi salutes in his speech, then the following sanctions may be applied to him:
- or a fine in the amount of 500 to 1000 rubles with confiscation of attributes or symbols.
- or arrest for up to fifteen days with confiscation of paraphernalia or symbols.
Thirdly, at such rallies the law of the crowd always applies: some participants call on others to protest, to take revenge for the offended (in this case, for the murdered Yegor Sviridov), while others, infected by the general mood, shout, fight, and damage other people’s property.
The former in this case can be convicted under Article 280 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes liability for public calls for extremist activities. This article provides for a fairly large fine - up to three hundred thousand rubles or in the amount wages convicted for a period of up to two years. Arrest for a term of four to six months, or imprisonment for a term of up to three years is also possible.
In addition, liability may be applied under Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes liability for inciting hatred or enmity, as well as humiliation of human dignity. Responsibility arises only if these actions were committed publicly or using the media. Don’t forget, in the case we are considering we are talking about a public meeting.
The punishment for this crime is:
- either a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand rubles or in the amount of the wages of the convicted person for a period of one to two years;
- or deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities for a period of up to three years;
- or compulsory work for a period of up to one hundred and eighty hours;
- or correctional labor for up to one year;
- or imprisonment for a term of up to two years.
The latter, in addition to the hooliganism we have already mentioned, commit the following offenses:
Article 214. establishes liability for Vandalism. Vandalism is the desecration of buildings or other structures, damage to property public transport or in other public places. If these acts are committed on the grounds of political, ideological, racial, national or religious hatred or enmity, or on grounds of hatred or enmity against any social group, then they are considered extremist and are punishable by restriction of freedom for up to three years or imprisonment for a term up to three years.
If, as a result of even accidental damage, a building or monument of historical or cultural value is damaged (and we remember that Manezhnaya Square- this is the center of Moscow), then another article will come into force - article 243, which establishes liability for the destruction or damage of historical and cultural monuments. This crime is punishable by:
- or a fine in an especially large amount - up to two hundred thousand rubles or in the amount of the wages of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months;
- or compulsory work for a period of one hundred twenty to one hundred eighty hours;
- or imprisonment for up to two years.
If people came to a rally directed against people of another nationality, not by chance, but having previously prepared and organized a close-knit group, then their actions fall under Article 282.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - organization and participation in an extremist community. Extremist community - organized group persons for preparing or committing extremist crimes. Naturally, there is stricter liability for organizing an extremist group than for simply participating. For example, the fine for organizing can reach up to two hundred thousand rubles, and for participation - only up to forty thousand rubles. In addition, a person who voluntarily ceases participation in the activities of an extremist group is exempt from criminal liability unless his actions contain another crime.
6. Summing up the lesson
. Each of you is the master of your own life, your own destiny.
. There are many forces around you that want to use your abilities, your determination, but when choosing who to follow, think about what payment they will demand from you. Extremist organizations offer a fight for freedom, the overthrow of the existing government, “Russia for Russians,” etc. But all this is achieved through terror, violence, senseless, cruel murders.
. This is the way of animals, not people. Violence has never led to the progress of a nation. History confirms this.
. All great military empires have fallen.
. All paths are now open to you - choose the path of peace, the path of development, the path of creating your own life, and not destroying someone else’s!
To view click on the picture
"Prevention of terrorism and extremism"To the existing global security threats, such as infectious diseases, environmental degradation, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, transnational organized crime, such socially negative phenomena as terrorism and extremism. Despite the statistically small proportion of crime in general, acts of terrorism claim a huge number of innocent lives, instantly instill fear and horror in the inhabitants of an entire country or even the world, destabilize everyday life for a long time, and undermine authority state power and law enforcement systems cause lasting pain to thousands of people.
Humanity has always been at war. Over the past five thousand years, about 15,000 large and small wars have been recorded, in which several billion people died. 69 years ago the battles of the Great Patriotic War ended Patriotic War. While putting pressure on the fascists, our fathers and grandfathers dreamed and firmly believed that after victory there would be no more wars on the planet and an amazing time of universal brotherhood would come. Victory was won, but universal peace never came.
Local wars and military conflicts related to religious, territorial and national disputes continue. Such an ominous phenomenon as terrorism is increasingly intruding into our seemingly peaceful life. Terrorism is also war. And no one is safe from it. Including us.
On December 10, 2013, a republican seminar on the current topic: “Prevention of terrorism and extremism in the educational environment” was held at the BOU DPOPS “KRIPKRO”.The seminar was attended by 70 teachers from educational institutions of the republic, including teachers from the Yashkul district.
Munchinova L.D., rector of KRIPKRO, addressed the seminar participants with a welcoming speech, noting that it is necessary to create an activity environment in the educational institution that will allow students to socialize, integrate and skillfully reflect negative processes in society.
According to the information presented in the reports of representatives of law enforcement agencies, the Republic is implementing the Republican target program “On the prevention of extremism and terrorism in the Republic of Kalmykia”, approved by decision of the Government of the Republic of Kalmykia No. 31 of February 15, 2013.
Special literature is actively distributed in the republic, monitoring, decades, months and other events are carried out aimed at preventing extremism and terrorism among young people.
The main idea voiced in all the speeches was to strengthen educational work aimed at developing spiritual and moral values. In the family, at school, at the university, an atmosphere of tolerance, respect for human rights and freedoms, a desire for harmony and active dialogue should be created.
In the second part of the seminar, a master class was held by the teacher-organizer of life safety O.F. Gyunzikova. on the topic “Together against extremism.” Then V.O. was presented for discussion. Bovikova, Art. teacher of the Kalmyk RIPKRO, educational cartoon “Zina, Kesha and the Terrorists”, developed by the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Of particular interest to the seminar participants was the role-playing game, as a result of which everyone found themselves in unforeseen “hostage” conditions. During the game, the seminar participants had to jointly find options for correct behavior with “terrorists.” A joint discussion of game situations revealed both practical and psychological understanding of the role of hostages in the hands of terrorists.
The participants of the republican seminar came to the consensus that terrorism and extremism are a big, complex problem, the solution of which will require taking serious measures over a long period, but at the same time, order in this area can only be restored through consolidated efforts, and they called on those present to do everything possible to ensure that something like this never happens again.
Some time ago, such terrible words as"terrorism" and "extremism". Now every child knows what is hidden behind these concepts.
Terrorism "terror" is translated as "horror" (intimidation by death penalties, murders and all the horrors of fury).
(Slide 1)
Extremism is a complex and heterogeneous form of expression of hatred and enmity. The following are distinguished:types of extremism:
- political
- National
- religious
National extremismacts under the slogans of protecting “their people”, their economic interests, cultural values, as a rule, to the detriment of representatives of other nationalities living in the same territory.
Under religious extremismunderstand intolerance towards dissident representatives of the same or another religion. IN last years The problem of Islamic extremism has worsened.
Political extremism- these are movements or currents against the existing constitutional system. (slide)
Today, extremism is a real threat to the national security of the Russian Federation. There has been an increase in informal extremist youth movements. Currently, members of informal youth organizations (groups) of an extremist-nationalist orientation are young people aged 14 to 30 years, often minors 14 – 18 years.
Crimes of an extremist nature.
Crimes of an extremist nature include:
public calls for extremist activities; inciting hatred or enmity, as well as humiliation of human dignity, organizing an extremist community, etc.
Manifestations of extremist activity
- Terrorism is an extreme manifestation of extremism, a phenomenon associated with violence, threatening the life and health of citizens.
- Nationalism is a form of social unity based on the idea of national superiority and national exclusivity.
- Racism is a set of concepts based on the principles of the physical and mental inequality of human races and the decisive influence of racial differences on the history and culture of human society.
- Fascism - this is an ideology and practice that asserts the superiority and exclusivity of a certain nation or race and is aimed at inciting national intolerance, discrimination, the use of violence and terrorism, and the establishment of the cult of the leader.
Criminal liability for these crimes arises from the age of 16. The degree of criminal liability depends on the severity of the crime - a fine from one hundred thousand rubles to imprisonment (from six months to life imprisonment).
The causes of extremism include the following:
This large wealth stratification of the population leads to the fact that society ceases to function as an integral organism, united by common goals, ideas, and values.
This is an increase in social tension.
This is a decrease in the ideological component in the educational process, which led to the loss of moral values.
This is lack of spirituality, the lack of clear ideas about the history and prospects for the development of the country, the loss of a sense of belonging and responsibility for the fate of the homeland.
The social base of extremist groups consists of people who have failed to adapt to new living conditions. Young people, unable to take a critical approach to the content of publications in the media, due to the lack of life experience, turned out to be the most susceptible to this influence. This is a very good environment for extremist groups. Most youth extremist groups are informal in nature. A number of their members have a vague idea of the ideological background of extremist movements. Loud phraseology, external paraphernalia and other accessories, the opportunity to feel like a member of a kind of “secret society” that has the right to carry out reprisals with impunity against persons disliked by the group, all this attracts young people.
The future of the country largely depends on who wins the “battle for the minds and hearts” of the younger generation. Only the efforts of the entire society can create a reliable barrier to the spread of extremism.
Whoever we take - Afghan and Iranian al-Qaeda fighters, Palestinian suicide bombers, people from Somalia who blew themselves up in the London Underground, Chechen militants, Pakistanis and Algerians weaving terrorist networks in Europe - they all come from the most backward states , which today have no chance of getting any closer to the developed ones. But we must always remember that any terrorist act or threat of its commission, no matter how they try to justify it, is evil and constitutes a crime. The threat of terrorist attacks can arise almost anywhere. Al-Qaeda is an organization of Islamic fundamentalists. Conducts combat operations around the world.
Created in 1988 and the organization was headed by a native of Saudi Arabia, Osama Bin Laden
The rapid and brilliant, cruel and indifferent 21st century. He can safely be called a monster with an iron heart, he does not want to hear groans, does not notice tears, often mistaking them for transparent dew on a person’s face. The events in Chechnya are full of extremism. Hatred, anger, cruelty, extreme measures, extreme views, extreme actions. These are all the words that characterize these events. We have once again become convinced that extremism is truly cruelty, based on hatred and malice, and sometimes stupidity, subordinated to blind faith.
Competent and systematic implementation of preventive organizational and technical measures can also prevent individual manifestations of terrorism. Minimize the number of casualties when they occur.
I. Measures to prevent terrorism
Training session to train personnel in safe behavior skills in the event of a threat of a terrorist attack - 2 times a year
Organizing and conducting training for school staff
Organizing and conducting instruction for school students on the rules of behavior in the event of a threat of terrorist attack
Conducting outreach work among parents and students
Parental patrol duty during evenings, holidays, and school-wide events
Design of the stand - corner “Rules of conduct during a terrorist attack”
II. Activities to prevent extremism among students
Spending days native language, days of Slavic writing and culture.
Conducting classes aimed at preventing extremism.
Monitoring the level of education of students.
Celebrating courtesy week.
Celebrating a decade of tolerance.
Conducting thematic weeks “My Fatherland is Russia” on civic and patriotic education.
Conducting a thematic period “For a healthy lifestyle” on sports and health education.
Monitoring the attendance of students from problem families to her lessons, sports sections, clubs.
Carrying out activities aimed at eliminating cases of national hatred, aimed at promoting tolerance.
Providing legal and information assistance to students and parents classroom hours classroom and school-wide parent meetings.
In the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 N 114-FZ “On Combating Extremist Activities” extremist activity(extremism) is defined as: a violent change in the foundations of the constitutional system and a violation of the integrity of the Russian Federation; public justification of terrorism and other terrorist activities; inciting social, racial, national or religious hatred; propaganda of exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of a person on the basis of his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion; violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and citizen, depending on his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion; obstruction of citizens' exercise of their voting rights and the right to participate in a referendum or violation of the secrecy of voting, coupled with violence or the threat of its use;
Federal Law No. 114-FZ of July 25, 2002 “On Countering Extremist Activities” defines extremist activity (extremism) as: obstruction of the legitimate activities of state bodies, local governments, election commissions, public and religious associations or other organizations, combined with violence or the threat of its use; committing crimes for the reasons specified in paragraph "e" of part one of Article 63 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; propaganda and public display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols or paraphernalia or symbols that are confusingly similar to Nazi paraphernalia or symbols; public calls for the implementation of these acts or mass distribution of obviously extremist materials, as well as their production or storage for the purpose of mass distribution;
Federal Law No. 114-FZ of July 25, 2002 “On Combating Extremist Activities” defines extremist activity (extremism) as: public knowingly false accusation of a person holding a public office of the Russian Federation or a public office of a subject of the Russian Federation of committing during the period performance of their official duties, acts specified in this article and constituting a crime; organization and preparation of these acts, as well as incitement to their implementation; financing of these acts or other assistance in their organization, preparation and implementation, including through the provision of educational, printing and material and technical resources, telephone and other types of communications or the provision of information services.
Currently, informal youth groups can be divided into several groups: Fans of sports teams Nationalist groups (including skinheads) Pro-Western fans of various musical styles (punks, rappers, etc.) Fans of various cults (Satanists, Hare Krishnas, Goths, etc.) etc.) Left-wing radical groups (AKM, NBP, SKM).
Administrative liability for committing an offense of an extremist nature. Article 20.3 – “propaganda and public display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols” Article – “production and distribution of extremist materials.”
Criminal liability for crimes of an extremist nature Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for criminal liability (from 16 years of age) for actions aimed at inciting hatred or enmity, as well as humiliating the dignity of a person or group of persons on the basis of gender, race, nationality, language, origin , attitude towards religion, as well as belonging to any social group.
The main signs that a teenager is beginning to fall under the influence of extremist ideology: - his behavior becomes much harsher and rude, profanity or slang language progresses; - the style of clothing changes dramatically and appearance, corresponding to the rules of a certain subculture; -on the computer there are many saved links or files with texts, videos or images of extremist political or socially extreme content;
The main signs that a teenager is beginning to fall under the influence of extremist ideology: - incomprehensible and atypical symbols or paraphernalia appear in the house (as an option - Nazi symbols), objects that can be used as weapons; - spends a lot of time on the computer or self-education on issues not related to school education, fiction, films, computer games; - increased passion for bad habits; - a sharp increase in the number of conversations on political and social topics, during which extreme judgments with signs of intolerance are expressed; - Internet nicknames, passwords, etc. are of an extreme political nature.
If you suspect that your child has fallen under the influence of an extremist organization, do not panic, but act quickly and decisively: 1. Do not categorically condemn the teenager’s hobby 2. Start “counter-propaganda.” 3. Limit the teenager’s communication with acquaintances who have a negative influence on him, 4. Seek psychological support.
One-part sentences
Why a dream in which a wife had a dream If you dreamed that your wife died
Guidelines for the use of time sheets