What parts does the suspension consist of? Suspension device, how it works and what it consists of. Suspension with swing axles

Chassis car designed to move the car on the road, and with a certain level of comfort, without shaking and vibration. The mechanisms and parts of the chassis connect the wheels with the body, dampen its vibrations, perceive and transmit the forces acting on the car.

Being in the passenger compartment of a car, the driver and passengers experience slow vibrations with large amplitudes, and fast vibrations with small amplitudes. Soft seat upholstery, rubber engine mounts, gearboxes, and so on protect against rapid vibrations. Elastic suspension elements, wheels and tires serve as protection against slow vibrations. The undercarriage consists of front suspension, rear suspension, wheels and tires.

Car wheel suspension

The suspension is designed to soften and dampen vibrations transmitted from road bumps to the car body. Thanks to the suspension of the wheels, the body makes vertical, longitudinal, angular and transverse-angular vibrations. All these fluctuations determine the smoothness of the car.

Let's look at how, in principle, the wheels of a car are connected to its body. Even if you have never ridden a village cart, then, looking at it through the TV screen, you can guess that the wheels of the cart are rigidly fixed to its “body” and all country “potholes” respond to riders. On the same TV (in a rural “action movie”), you might have noticed that at high speed the cart crumbles and this happens precisely because of its “rigidity”.

To make our cars last longer, and the "riders" feel better, the wheels are not rigidly connected to the body. For example, if you lift the car into the air, then the wheels (rear together, and the front ones separately) will sag and will “hang out”, suspended from the body on all sorts of levers and springs.

This is what it is wheel suspension car. Of course, the hinged levers and springs are "iron" and are made with a certain
margin of safety, but this design allows the wheels to move relative to the body. Or rather, the body has the ability
move relative to the wheels that travel on the road.

The suspension can be dependent and independent.

This is when both wheels of one axle of the car are interconnected by a rigid beam. When one of the wheels hits an uneven road, the second one leans at the same angle.

This is when the wheels of one axle of the car are not rigidly connected to each other. When hitting an uneven road, one of the wheels can change its position without changing the position of the second wheel.

With a rigid attachment, the bump on the bump is completely transferred to the body, only slightly softened by the tire, and the body vibration has a large amplitude and significant vertical acceleration. When an elastic element (spring or spring) is introduced into the suspension, the push on the body is significantly softened, but due to the inertia of the body, the oscillatory process is delayed in time, making driving difficult and driving dangerous. A car with such a suspension sways in all possible directions, and there is a high probability of “breakdown” at resonance (when the push from the road coincides with the compression of the suspension during a protracted oscillatory process).

AT modern pendants, in order to avoid the above phenomena, along with the elastic element, a damping element is used - a shock absorber. It controls the elasticity of the spring, absorbing most of the vibrational energy. When driving over bumps, the spring compresses. When, after compression, it begins to expand, trying to exceed its normal length, most of the energy of the emerging vibration will be absorbed by the shock absorber. The duration of oscillation before the spring returns to starting position this will decrease to 0.5-1.5 cycles.

Reliable contact of the wheel with the road is provided not only by tires, the main elastic and damping elements of the suspension (spring, shock absorber), but also by its additional elastic elements (compression buffers, rubber-metal hinges), as well as by careful coordination of all elements among themselves and with the kinematics of the guide elements.

Thus, in order for the car to provide comfort and safety, between the body and the road there must be:

• main elastic elements
• additional elastic elements
• suspension guides
• damping elements.

Tires they are the first in the car to perceive road irregularities and, as far as possible, due to their limited elasticity, soften vibrations from the road profile. Tires can serve as an indicator of the health of the suspension: rapid and uneven (spots) tire wear indicates a decrease in the resistance forces of the shock absorbers below the permissible limit.

Main elastic elements(springs, springs) keep the car body at the same level, providing an elastic connection of the car with the road. During operation, the elasticity of the springs changes due to aging of the metal or due to constant overload, which
leads to a deterioration in the characteristics of the car: the height of the ride height decreases, the wheel alignment angles change, the symmetry of the load on the wheels is disturbed. Springs, not shock absorbers, support the weight of the car. If a ground clearance decreased and the car "sank" without load, which means it's time to change the springs.

Additional elastic elements(rubber-metal joints or compression buffers) are responsible for suppressing high-frequency vibrations and
vibrations from the contact of metal parts. Without them, the service life of the suspension elements is drastically reduced (in particular in shock absorbers: due to fatigue wear of the valve springs). Regularly check the condition of the rubber-to-metal suspension joints. By maintaining their performance, you will increase the life of the shock absorbers.

Guide devices(lever systems, springs or torsion bars) provide the kinematics of wheel movement relative to the body.
The task of these devices is to keep the plane of rotation of the wheel moving up when the suspension is compressed and down when rebounding) in a position close to vertical, i.e. perpendicular to the road. If the geometry of the guide device is broken, the behavior of the car deteriorates sharply, and the wear of tires and all suspension parts, including shock absorbers, is significantly accelerated.

damping element(shock absorber) dampens body vibrations caused by road roughness and inertial forces, and therefore reduces their impact on passengers and cargo. It also prevents vibrations of unsprung masses (axles, beams, wheels, tires, axles, hubs, levers, wheel brakes) relative to the body, thereby improving wheel-to-road contact.

Stabilizer roll stability car designed to improve handling and reduce vehicle roll when cornering. At the turn, the car body is pressed against the ground with one of its sides, while the other side wants to “break away” from the ground. Here, the stabilizer does not allow him to leave the gap, which, pressing one end to the ground, presses the other side of the car with its other end. And when a wheel hits an obstacle, the stabilizer bar twists and seeks to quickly return this wheel to its place.

Front suspension on the example of VAZ 2105

Front suspension on the example of a VAZ 2105 car

1. front wheel hub bearings;
2. hub cap;
3. adjusting nut;
4. washer;
5. trunnion of a rotary finger;
6. wheel hub;
7. stuffing box;
8. brake disk;
9. rounded fist;
10. upper suspension arm;
11. upper support bearing housing;
12. compression stroke buffer;
13. the axle of the upper suspension arm;
14. stabilizer bar mounting bracket;
15. stabilizer bar cushion;
16. stabilizer bar;
17. the axis of the lower arm;
18. stabilizer bar cushion;
19. suspension spring;
20. clip of fastening of a bar of the shock-absorber;
21. shock absorber;
22. lower support bearing housing;
23. lower suspension arm.

Due to the perception of acting forces and damping of vibrations. The suspension is part of the chassis of the car.

Vehicle suspension includes guiding and elastic elements, damping device, anti-roll bar, wheel support, as well as fastening elements.

Guide elements provide connections and transfer of forces to the car body. The guide elements determine the nature of the movement of the wheels relative to the car body. All kinds of levers are used as guide elements: longitudinal, transverse, double, etc.

The elastic element perceives the load from the unevenness of the road, accumulates the received energy and transfers it to the car body. distinguish between metallic and non-metallic elastic elements. Metal elastic elements are represented by a spring, a spring and a torsion bar.

Coiled springs made of round steel rods are widely used in passenger car suspensions. The spring can have constant and variable stiffness. A coil spring is usually of constant stiffness. Changing the shape of the spring (using a metal bar of variable cross section) allows you to achieve variable stiffness.

The leaf spring is used on trucks. The torsion bar is a metal elastic element that works on twisting.

Non-metallic include rubber, pneumatic and hydropneumatic elastic elements. Rubber elastic elements (buffers, chippers) are used in addition to metal elastic elements.

The operation of pneumatic elastic elements is based on the elastic properties of compressed air. They provide a high ride smoothness and the ability to maintain a certain amount of ground clearance.

The hydropneumatic elastic element is represented by a special chamber filled with gas and working fluid, separated by an elastic partition.

The damping device (shock absorber) is designed to reduce the amplitude of vibrations of the car body caused by the operation of the elastic element. shock absorber operation is based on hydraulic resistance that occurs when fluid flows from one cylinder cavity to another through calibration holes (valves).

There are the following designs of shock absorbers: single-pipe(one cylinder) and two-pipe(two cylinders). Double-tube shock absorbers are shorter than single-tube shock absorbers, they have a large scope, therefore they are more widely used on a car.

For single-tube shock absorbers, the working and compensation cavities are located in one cylinder. Volume change working fluid, caused by temperature fluctuations, are compensated by the volume of the gas cavity.

A double-tube shock absorber includes two tubes located one inside the other. The inner tube forms a working cylinder, and the outer tube forms a compensation cavity.

In a number of designs of shock absorbers, it is possible to change the damping properties:

• manual adjustment of the valves before installing the shock absorber on the car;
• the use of electromagnetic valves with a variable area of ​​the calibration holes;
• change in the viscosity of the working fluid due to the influence of an electromagnetic field.

Trailing arm suspension is used as the rear suspension of the car. Other types of suspensions can be used both on the front and on the rear axle of the car. Most widespread on the cars received: on the front axle - MacPherson suspension, on the rear axle - multi-link suspension.

Some off-road and premium vehicles are fitted with air suspension, which uses air springs. A special place in the suspension design is occupied by hydropneumatic suspension, developed by Citroen. The design of pneumatic and hydropneumatic suspension is based on known types of suspensions.

Currently, many automakers are equipping their vehicles with active suspension. A type of active suspension is the so-called. adaptive suspension, which provides for automatic adjustment of the damping capacity of shock absorbers.

The car consists of many nodes, each of which performs the functions assigned to it. Without their precise work, the normal movement of the machine is impossible. One of the most important is the suspension of a car. It helps dampen impacts from uneven surfaces and transfers the torque of the wheels to the body. Thanks to this, the vehicle moves in the right direction.

Attention! Without suspension, every hit when hitting a pit would cause serious damage to the body.

What is a suspension can be found in the video:

The purpose of the suspension and the general device

The suspension for a car has several basic functions that determine its role in the operation of a car. It is she who ensures the comfort of passengers when driving. One of its main elements are shock absorbers. They absorb the main impact force.

Another important function of the suspension is to hold the body of the car during turns. This design feature ensures high reliability even on the steepest turns. General device consists of the following elements:

• body;
• wheel;
• hinge;
• elastic, damping and guiding element.

Attention! Now in most suspension designs for cars, springs are used as an elastic element, but you can still find designs with springs.

good suspension auto provides smooth driving. It depends on her how comfortable you will feel on the track or off-road. In the process of evolution, automotive engineers have created many designs, each of which is unique. Many of them have found their practical application.

Types of suspensions and their device

There are many types of car suspensions. Each has a number design features which provides its functionality. It is not surprising that each design is determined for a specific class of machines, designed for certain operating conditions.

There are many types of pendants. Basically every serious automotive manufacturer he tried to invent his own unique design, which would maximally correspond to the class of cars produced by him. Listing them all would take too long. Therefore, it is better to focus on the most popular ones.

dependent suspension

Perhaps this is the oldest suspension that is still in use. Its main feature is a rigid connection. A similar effect can be achieved thanks to the beam and crankcase.

It is noteworthy that in the very first models, manufacturers even used springs. But soon this practice had to be abandoned. Modern counterparts are equipped with trailing arms. Transverse thrust is responsible for the perception of lateral force.

Dependent car suspension has the following advantages:

• low cost;
• low weight;
• good adhesion to the surface.

At first glance, this is not so little, but the fact is that many other types of suspensions for cars have such qualities. The main drawback of the system is frequent drifts. In addition, due to the fact that the wheels move in different directions, there are problems with handling.

Rear semi-independent

The design of the suspension is quite simple. These are two trailing arms. They are interconnected by a cross bar. A similar suspension is installed only at the rear., on front-wheel drive vehicles. Otherwise, the effectiveness of the system is in question. The advantages of the system include:

• compactness;
• light weight;
• good cinematics.

The main condition for using this type of suspension is the presence of a non-driving rear axle. In some designs, shock absorbers and springs are installed separately.

Attention! The main alternative for a spring is a pneumatic element with a fixed value.

Even in some versions of the device, it is permissible to include springs and shock absorbers in one piece. In this case the pneumatic element is mounted on the shock absorber rod.

On trailing arms

This suspension for cars belongs to the class of independent. The main difference is the absence of a hard connection. Each wheel is held by a lever. It is he who takes the lateral forces.

Attention! The lever must have ultimate strength. This is the guarantee of the reliability of the entire device.

The lever is attached to the body with two hinges. At the same time, the element itself has a wide support base. Only in this way it becomes possible to provide the necessary fixation and reliability.

The suspension for a car of this type can only move longitudinally. In this case, the track does not change in any way. This design feature has both positive and negative side. If the car goes only forward, then there is a significant fuel economy. In addition, the body has increased stability, but as soon as the car enters a turn, everything changes dramatically.

Longitudinal suspension performs very poorly in corners. The wheels tilt with the body, and this, of course, does not contribute to stability. This type of construction has extremely meager opportunities for the transfer of lateral force. Large rolls are convincing evidence of this.

Adding a stabilizer to the longitudinal suspension device allows the car to get rid of excessive roll. Unfortunately, this addition leads to loss of stability on uneven surfaces.

It would seem that all the shortcomings listed above are more than enough to forget about the longitudinal suspension for a car. But it has significant advantages that should not be forgotten. It is very compact and easy to install. Because of this, it is most often installed on buses and trucks.

Cross double levers

This suspension device for cars is a variation of the previous modification. It was created in the 30s of the last century. Despite this, it is still indispensable in the machines that take part in various types racing.

The wheel in such a suspension for a car is held by two levers, which are located transversely. Fastening can be carried out both to the body and to the subframe. Different car companies use the option that is most suitable for their purposes.

The main advantage of the transverse suspension for a car is the possibility of wide adjustment. You can easily change the slope of the levers if you need to. Thanks to this adjustment, the lateral roll parameter changes. Moreover, it is possible to change the length. This allows you to influence the collapse.

The lower control arm for the car should be slightly longer than the upper arm. Such a structural change allows the formation of a negative camber. Moreover, this happens with a minimum expansion of the track.

In practice, this will look like this: the suspension will grab the wheel from above. Because of this, when cornering, the wheels in front are much closer to the vertical. This effect can be achieved due to the negative collapse. It is he who compensates for the slope, although not completely.

The distance between the transverse arms allows you to control the compliance of the suspension of the car. It also affects the kinematics. The dependency is pretty simple. The farther they are from each other, the greater the rigidity and the higher the accuracy.

Naturally, no cons transverse suspension auto did not work. Due to the changing camber, tires perform worse. This is especially noticeable when braking. Not surprisingly, over time, engineers began to install levers longitudinally.

Attention! The main advantage of a car suspension with trailing arms is the possibility of obtaining a roll center higher than that of other modifications.

De-dion

Looking for an opportunity to remove the load from the rear axle, scientists invented the suspension for the De-dion car. In it, the crankcase is separated from the beam. At the same time, it is attached directly to the body. Thus, the torque goes directly to the drive wheels from power unit. Half shafts serve as conductors. The structure can be dependent and independent.

Attention! The main drawback of this car suspension is the lack of balance when braking.

Suspension plays one of the most important roles in a car. It is not surprising that automotive engineers have come up with many modifications, each of which is optimally suited for certain operating conditions.

On the video - an overview of the types of suspensions for cars:

It is no secret to anyone that any car has front and rear suspensions, which are a combination of shock absorbers, springs, levers. Suspension provides a smooth ride vehicle and has a direct impact on its dynamic characteristics.

There are several types of car suspensions: double-link, multi-link, MacPherson suspension, De Dion suspension, dependent rear suspension, semi-independent rear suspension. Any suspension has its advantages and disadvantages and can be used on a certain type of transport. Let us consider in more detail all types of car suspensions.

double wishbone suspension

This type of suspension has a short upper arm and a long lower arm. Thanks to the transverse arm configuration, each wheel of the vehicle independently absorbs bumps in the road while remaining in an optimal upright position. This ensures good traction and minimal wear tires.

MacPherson strut

MacPherson suspension is a suspension that incorporates one lever, an anti-roll bar, a block of a spring element. The design of the MacPherson suspension also includes a telescopic shock absorber, which is called the "swinging candle", since during the movement of the wheel it can swing up and down. Despite the imperfection of the design, the MacPherson strut suspension is widely used in modern automotive industry due to its manufacturability and low cost.

Multi-link suspension

This type of suspension, in many ways reminiscent of a double wishbone, provides a smooth ride and improved vehicle handling. The design of the multi-link suspension includes silent blocks and ball joints, which effectively soften shocks when the car overcomes obstacles. All suspension elements are fixed through silent blocks on the subframe. Thus, it is possible to improve the sound insulation of the car from the wheels.

Independent multi-link suspension is usually used on luxury cars, which are distinguished by improved handling and stable wheel contact with any road surface. Among the main advantages of a multi-link suspension are the independence of the wheels of the car from each other, low unsprung mass, independent longitudinal and transverse adjustments. Multi-link suspension is great for installation in a 4x4 scheme.

Rear dependent suspension

Suspension, where the role of elastic elements is played by cylindrical helical springs - this is the rear dependent suspension, which is often installed on the Zhiguli. The biggest disadvantage of this type of suspension is the heavy weight that the rear axle beam has. The weight increases even more if the rear axle is driving, since the gearbox, the final drive housing, is placed on the beam. This, in turn, causes an increase in unsprung masses, which impairs the smoothness of the vehicle and leads to vibrations.

a - dependent suspension; b - independent suspension

Pendant "De Dion"

This type of suspension is "lightweight" rear axle, since the crankcase is separated from the beam and attached directly to the body. The engine transmits torque to the drive wheels through the axle shafts, which swing on the hinges of angular velocities. Suspension "De Dion" can be either dependent or independent. The main disadvantage of the dependent suspension is the "squatting" of the car at the start. During braking, the car begins to clearly lean forward. To avoid this effect, special guide elements are used in dependent suspensions.

Rear semi-independent suspension

The semi-independent rear suspension consists of two trailing arms connected in the middle by a cross member. The rear suspension is used only at the rear, but on most front-wheel drive cars. The advantages of this design are ease of installation, compactness, low weight, reduced unsprung mass, which ultimately has a positive effect on the kinematics of the wheels. The only downside to the back floor independent suspension is that it can only be used on non-driven rear axles.

Truck suspensions

The most common type of dependent suspension is a suspension with transverse or longitudinal springs and hydraulic shock absorbers. This type of suspension is widely used on trucks, as well as on some SUVs. This option is considered the easiest, since the bridge is placed on longitudinal springs, which are mounted in the body brackets. The obvious simplicity of such a design is immediately noticeable, which is the main advantage of the rear dependent suspension, which is primarily important for the manufacturer. The motorist receives only disadvantages, consisting in the inefficient operation of the springs as guides. The softness of the springs adversely affects the vehicle's handling at high speeds and the grip of the tires on the road.

Suspensions for pickups and SUVs

If we talk about SUVs and pickups, then for these types of cars, several types of suspensions are most often used:

Dependent front and rear suspension;
- independent front and independent rear suspension;
- Fully independent suspension.

Among the most common rear suspensions for SUVs and pickups are spring and leaf springs. Spring are distinguished by reliability and simplicity of design. Spring suspensions are structurally more complex, but they stand out for their compactness and softness, therefore they are installed on light pickup trucks and SUVs. SUVs are usually equipped with independent linkage rear suspensions. As for the front suspension of SUVs, most often manufacturers prefer torsion bar and independent spring suspensions.

Car suspensions

If we talk about passenger cars, which mainly have front-wheel drive, then MacPherson independent suspension or independent double wishbone suspension is used as the front suspension. Speaking about the rear suspension, it is worth noting that manufacturers usually choose an independent multi-link or semi-independent rear suspension.

The road along which the driver chooses the route of movement is not always flat and smooth. Very often, there may be such a phenomenon as surface irregularities - cracks in the asphalt and even bumps and potholes. Do not forget about the "speed bumps". This negative would have a negative effect on the comfort of movement, if there were no depreciation system - the suspension of the car.

Purpose and device

During the movement, the roughness of the road in the form of vibrations is transmitted to the body. The vehicle's suspension is designed to dampen or mitigate such vibrations. Its application functions include providing communication and connection between the body and the wheels. It is the suspension parts that give the wheels the ability to move independently of the body, providing a change in the direction of the car. Along with the wheels, it is an indispensable element of the chassis of the car.

The suspension of a car is a technically complex unit having the following structure:

1. elastic elements - metal (springs, springs, torsion bars) and non-metal (pneumatic, hydropneumatic, rubber) parts, which, due to their elastic characteristics, take the load from road irregularities and distribute it to the car body;
2. damping devices (shock absorbers) - units having a hydraulic, pneumatic or hydropneumatic structure and designed to level body vibrations received from an elastic element;
3. guide elements - various parts in the form of levers (transverse, longitudinal), providing connection of the suspension with the body and determining the movement of the wheels and the body relative to each other;
4. anti-roll bar - an elastic metal bar that connects the suspension to the body and prevents an increase in the roll of the car during movement;
5. wheel supports - special steering knuckles(on the front axle), perceiving the loads emanating from the wheels, and distributing them to the entire suspension;
6. fastening elements of parts, components and assemblies of the suspension are means of connecting the suspension elements to the body and to each other: rigid bolted connections; composite silent blocks; ball joints (or ball bearings).

Principle of operation

The scheme of operation of the car suspension is based on the conversion of the impact energy arising from the impact of a wheel on an uneven road surface into the movement of elastic elements (for example, springs). In turn, the rigidity of the movement of the elastic elements is controlled, accompanied and softened by the action of damping devices (for example, shock absorbers). As a result, thanks to the suspension, the impact force that is transmitted to the car body is reduced. This ensures smooth running. The best way to see the operation of the system is to use a video that clearly demonstrates all the elements of the car's suspension and their interaction.

Cars have a variety of suspension stiffness. The stiffer the suspension, the more informative and efficient driving is. However, comfort suffers greatly. Conversely, the soft suspension is designed to provide ease of use and sacrifice handling (which should not be allowed). That is why car manufacturers are striving to find their most optimal option - a combination of safety and comfort.

Variety of suspension options

The vehicle suspension device is an independent design solution of the manufacturer. There are several typologies of car suspension: they are distinguished by the criterion underlying the gradation.

Depending on the design of the guide elements, the most common types of suspension are distinguished: independent, dependent and semi-independent.

A dependent option cannot exist without one detail - a rigid beam that is part of the vehicle's axle. In this case, the wheels in the transverse plane move in parallel. The simplicity and efficiency of the design ensures its high reliability, preventing wheel collapse. That is why the dependent suspension is actively used in trucks and on the rear axle of cars.

The scheme of independent suspension of the car assumes the autonomous existence of the wheels from each other. This allows you to increase the damping characteristics of the suspension and provide greater smoothness. This option is actively used to organize both the front and rear suspension on cars.

The semi-independent version consists of a rigid beam fixed to the body with torsion bars. This scheme provides the relative independence of the suspension from the body. Its characteristic representative is the front-wheel drive VAZ models.

The second typology of suspensions is based on the design of the extinguishing device. Specialists distinguish hydraulic (oil), pneumatic (gas), hydropneumatic (gas-oil) devices.

The so-called active suspension stands out in a certain way. Its scheme includes variable possibilities - changing the suspension parameters using a specialized electronic system control depending on the driving conditions.

The most common parameters to change are:

• the degree of damping of the extinguishing device (shock absorber device);
• the degree of rigidity of the elastic element (for example, springs);
• the degree of rigidity of the anti-roll bar;
• length of guide elements (levers).

Active suspension is an electronic-mechanical system that significantly increases the cost of the car.

The main types of independent suspension

In modern passenger cars, an independent suspension option is very often used as a shock-absorbing system. This is due to the good controllability of the car (due to its small mass) and the absence of the need for total control over the trajectory of its movement (as, for example, in the variant with freight transport).
Experts distinguish the following main types of independent suspension. (By the way, the photo will allow you to more clearly analyze their differences).

Suspension based on double wishbones

The structure of this type of suspension includes two levers attached to the body with silent blocks, and a shock absorber and a coil spring located coaxially.

MacPherson pendant

This is a derivative (from the previous view) and a simplified version of the suspension, in which the upper arm was replaced by a suspension strut. To date, MacPherson strut is the most common front suspension scheme for passenger cars.

Multi-link suspension

Another derived, improved version of the suspension, in which, as it were, artificially, the two transverse levers were “separated”. In addition, the modern version of the suspension very often consists of trailing arms. By the way, the multi-link suspension is the most commonly used scheme for the rear suspension of passenger cars today.

The scheme of this type of suspension is based on a special elastic part (torsion bar), which connects the lever and the body and works on twisting. This type of design is actively used in the organization of the front suspension of some SUVs.

Front suspension adjustment

An important component of comfortable driving is the correct adjustment of the front suspension. These are the so-called steering angles. In colloquial speech, this phenomenon is referred to as "descent-collapse".

The fact is that the front (steered) wheels are not installed strictly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body and not strictly perpendicular to the road surface, but with certain angles that provide slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes.


Correctly set "similarity-collapse":

• firstly, it creates the least resistance to the movement of the vehicle, and, therefore, simplifies the process of driving;
• secondly, it significantly reduces tire tread wear; thirdly, it significantly reduces fuel consumption.

Setting corners is a technically complex procedure that requires professional equipment and skills. Therefore, it should be performed in a specialized institution - a car service or service station. It is hardly worth trying to do it yourself using a video or photo from the Internet if you have no experience in such matters.

Suspension malfunctions and maintenance

Let's make a reservation right away: according to Russian legal norms, not a single suspension malfunction is included in the “List ...” of malfunctions with which movement is prohibited. And this is a moot point.

Imagine that the suspension damper (front or rear) does not work. This phenomenon means that the passage of each bump will be associated with the prospect of body buildup and loss of vehicle controllability. And what can be said about the completely loose and worn-out ball bearing of the front suspension? The result of a part malfunction - “a ball has flown out” - threatens with a serious accident. A broken elastic suspension element (most often a spring) leads to body roll and sometimes an absolute impossibility to continue moving.

The malfunctions described above are already the final, most odious malfunctions of the car's suspension. But, despite their extremely negative impact on traffic safety, the operation of a vehicle with such problems is not prohibited.

An important role in the maintenance of the suspension is played by monitoring the condition of the car in the process of movement. Squeaks, noises and knocks in the suspension should alert and convince the driver of the need for service. And long-term operation of the car will force him to apply a radical method - “change the suspension in a circle”, that is, replace almost all parts of both the front and rear suspension.